El discurso de los periodistas sobre el impacto de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la desinformación

  1. Peña-Fernández, Simón 1
  2. Peña-Alonso, Urko 1
  3. Eizmendi-Iraola, Maider 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

Revista:
Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico

ISSN: 1988-2696

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Monográfico: "El impacto de la desinformación en las rutinas profesionales y soluciones basadas en la inteligencia artificial".

Volumen: 29

Páginas: 833-841

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/ESMP.88673 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La inteligencia artificial generativa ha irrumpido con fuerza en el curso de la transformación digital de los medios de comunicación como una herramienta tecnológica de naturaleza dual, que ofrece nuevas posibilidades para combatir la desinformación, pero también para generarla. Esta investigación analiza la opinión de 118 profesionales de la información sobre el impacto de la IA, en particular en lo referido a la desinformación, a partir de 778 mensajes publicados en Twitter. Los resultados señalan que los periodistas españoles expresan una opinión mayoritariamente cauta que huye de posturas tecnocéntricas y en la que prevalece la preocupación por el modo en el que la IA puede afectar a la ciudadanía. Los principales peligros percibidos son el incremento de los desórdenes informativos y la desinformación, los sesgos en los resultados obtenidos, la inexactitud de los contenidos, la facilidad para cometer fraude o elaborar deepfakes, o su potencial uso con fines maliciosos..

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Altunbey Ozbay, F., & Alatas, B. (2020). Fake news detection within online social media using supervised artificial intelligence algorithms. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 540, 123174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.123174.
  • Amoedo, A., Vara-Miguel, A., & Negredo, S. (2018). Digital News Report.ES 2018. Pamplona: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra. https://doi.org/10.15581/019.008
  • Beckett, C. (2019). New powers, new responsibilities: A global survey of journalism and artificial intelligence. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://tinyurl.com/46nrjsss
  • Brennen, J. S., Howard, P. N., & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). An industry-led debate: how UK media cover artificial intelligence. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://tinyurl.com/mr2va4dr
  • Brennen, J. S., Howard, P. N., & Nielsen, R. K. (2022). What to expect when you’re expecting robots: Futures, expectations, and pseudo-artificial general intelligence in UK news. Journalism, 23(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920947535
  • Brundage, M. et al. (2018). The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation. https://tinyurl.com/3ayc5tnw
  • Calvo-Rubio, L. M., & Ufarte-Ruiz, M. J. (2020). Percepción de docentes universitarios, estudiantes, responsables de innovación y periodistas sobre el uso de inteligencia artificial en periodismo. Profesional de la Información, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.09
  • Cea, N., & Palomo, B. (2021). Disinformation Matters. En: Lopez-Garcia, G., Palau-Sampio, D., Palomo, B., Campos-Dominguez, E. & Masip, P. (eds) Politics of Disinformation (pp. 7-23). Wiley.
  • Clayton, K., Blair, S., Busam, J.A. et al. (2020). Real Solutions for Fake News? Measuring the Effectiveness of General Warnings and Fact-Check Tags in Reducing Belief in False Stories on Social Media. Political Behaviour 42, 1073–1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-019-09533-0
  • Comisión Europea (2018). Flash Eurobarometer 464: Fake News and Disinformation Online. Bruselas: Directorate General for Communication. https://tinyurl.com/43p8pnut
  • Comisión Europea (2020). Libro blanco sobre la inteligencia artificial. Un enfoque europeo orientado a la excelencia y la confianza. https://tinyurl.com/mr42435s
  • Danowski, J. A. (2013). WORDij version 3.0: Semantic network analysis software. University of Illinois at Chicago.
  • De-Lara-González, A., García-Avilés, J.A., & Arias-Robles, F. (2022). Implantación de la Inteligencia Artificial en los medios españoles: análisis de las percepciones de los profesionales. Textual & Visual Media, 1(15), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.56418/txt.15.2022.001
  • Deuze, M.; Beckett, C. (2022). Imagination, Algorithms and News: Developing AI Literacy for Journalism. Digital Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2119152
  • Flores Vivar, J. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial y periodismo: diluyendo el impacto de la desinformación y las noticias falsas a través de los bots. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 197-212. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a10
  • Future of Life Institute (22 de marzo de 2023). Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. https://tinyurl.com/y7dt9d5c
  • Guzman A. L., & Lewis S. C. (2020). Artificial intelligence and communication: A human–machine communication research agenda. New Media & Society 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819858691
  • Haan, Y., van den Berg, E., Goutier, N., Kruikemeier, S., & Lecheler, S. (2022). Invisible Friend or Foe? How Journalists Use and Perceive Algorithmic-Driven Tools in Their Research Process. Digital Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2027798
  • Hansen, M., Roca-Sales, M., Keegan, J., & King, G. (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for Journalism. Columbia Journalism School. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8X92PRD
  • Holton, A. E., & Belair-Gagnon, V. Strangers to the Game? Interlopers, Intralopers, and Shifting News Production. Media and Communication, 6(4), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i4.1490
  • Jung, J., Song, H., Kim, Y., Im, H., & Oh, S. (2017). Intrusion of software robots into journalism: The public’s and journalists’ perceptions of news written by algorithms and human journalists. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 291-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.022
  • Kertysova, K. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation. Security and Human Rights, 29(1-4), 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02901005
  • Kim, D., & Kim, S. (2017). Newspaper companies’ determinants in adopting robot Journalism. Technological forecasting and social change, 117, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.12.002
  • Kim, D., & Kim, S. (2018). Newspaper journalists’ attitudes towards robot Journalism. Telematics and Informatics, 35(2), 340-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.12.009
  • Lewis, S. C., Guzman A. L., & Schmidt, T. R. (2019). Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication: Rethinking Roles and Relationships of Humans and Machines in News. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 409-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1577147
  • Lindén, C. G., & Tuulonen, H. (2019). News automation: The rewards, risks and realities of ‘machine journalism’. WANIFRA Report. https://tinyurl.com/yc24pmxc
  • López-Jiménez, E., & Ouariachi, T. (2020). An exploration of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation for communication professionals. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 19(2), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-03-2020-0034
  • Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online. Data & Society Research Institute. https://tinyurl.com/2a9samnf
  • Masip, P., Ruiz-Caballero, C., & Suau, J. (2019). Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article. El profesional de la información, 28(2), e280204. https://doi.org//10.3145/epi.2019.mar.04
  • Noain-Sánchez, A. (2022). Addressing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: The perception of experts, journalists and academics. Communication & Society, 35(3), 3. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.3.105-121
  • Pasquetto, I. et al. (2020). Tackling misinformation: What researchers could do with social media data. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 1(8), 1-15. https://tinyurl.com/233v5h4w
  • Peeters, S., & Hagen, S. (2022). The 4CAT Capture and Analysis Toolkit: A Modular Tool for Transparent and Traceable Social Media Research. Computational Communication Research, 4(2). https://tinyurl.com/3yzz22y3
  • Peña-Fernández, S., Meso-Ayerdi, K., Larrondo-Ureta, A., & Díaz-Noci, J. (2023). “Without journalists, there is no journalism: the social dimension of generative artificial intelligence in the media”. Profesional de la información, 32(2), e320227. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.mar.27
  • Pihlajarinne, T. & Alén-Savikko, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and the Media. Reconsidering Rights and Responsibilities. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://tinyurl.com/2zdbrepu
  • Posetti, J., & Matthews, A. (2018). A short guide to the history of ‘fake news’ and disinformation. International Center for Journalists, 7, 1-19. https://tinyurl.com/bddk27te
  • Smuha, N. A. (2021). From a ‘race to AI’ to a ‘race to AI regulation’: regulatory competition for artificial intelligence. Law, Innovation and Technology, 13(1), 57-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1898300
  • Social Media Family (2022). VIII Informe sobre el uso de las redes sociales en España. https://tinyurl.com/5fsd2crf
  • Soto-Sanfiel, M. T., Ibiti A., Machado, M., Marín-Ochoa, B. E., Mendoza-Michilot, M., Rosell-Arce, C. G., & Angulo-Brunet, A. (2022). In Search of the Global South: Assessing Attitudes of Latin American Journalists to Artificial Intelligence in Journalism. Journalism Studies, 23(10), 1197-1224. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2075786
  • Stenborn, A., Wiggberg, M., & Norlund, T. (2021). Exploring Communicative AI: Reflections from a Swedish Newsroom. Digital Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.2007781
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.
  • Waisbord, S. (2018) Truth is What Happens to News. Journalism Studies, 19:13, 1866-1878. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1492881
  • Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making. Consejo de Europa.
  • Westerlund, M. (2019). The Emergence of Deepfake Technology: A Review. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11), 40-53. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1282
  • Wu, S., Tandoc, E. C., & Salmon, C. T. (2019). Journalism Reconfigured. Journalism Studies, 20(10), 1440-1457. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1521299
  • Zhuk, D., Tretiakov, A., Gordeichuk, A., & Puchkovskaia, A. (2018). Methods to Identify Fake News in Social Media Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies. In D. Alexandrov, A. Boukhanovsky, A. Chugunov, Y. Kabanov, & O. Koltsova (Eds) Digital Transformation and Global Society. DTGS 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 858. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02843-5_36
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet