Efectos del Framing y representaciones sociales de epidemias sanitariasel caso de la gripe A

  1. Nahia Idoyaga
  2. José Francisco Valencia
  3. Lorena Gil de Montes
  4. Garbiñe Ortiz
Revista:
Escritos de psicología

ISSN: 1138-2635,  1989-3809

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 5

Número: 3

Páginas: 31-42

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5231/PSY.WRIT.2012.0211 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Escritos de psicología

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

This study analyzed how the mass media covered the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and its influence on the social representation of the disease. Framing theory and a model of collective symbolic coping were both used to explain the influence of the mass media on social representation. The study was based on analyzing information on the influenza A pandemic provided by national newspapers in Mexico and Spain between 2009 and 2010. The results show that that the development of the crisis affected the use of different kinds of frames in the media. The use of different types of frames led to processes of collective symbolic coping, which are likely to alter the social representation of the epidemic. Data analysis using the Alceste program showed that the most prevalent frames used in the media were human interest and attributing responsibility to institutions. The theoretical implications of this study are discussed in terms of the relationship between Framing, social representations and the role of the mass media. Applied implications concern the strategies identified in the media to deal with health crisis.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Altheide, D. (2010). Risk communication and the discurse of fear. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies. 2. 145-158
  • Archundia, M. (2009). Prevén detener toda la actividad en el DF. El Universal. 4-14
  • Ann, S.K.,Gower, K. (2009). How do the news media frame crises?: A content analysis of crisis news coverage. Public Relations Review. 35. 107-112
  • Bartlet. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
  • Bauer, M. W. (2000). Between understanding and trust: the public, science and technology. Routledge. Amsterdam.
  • Bauer, M.,Gaskell, G.,Durant, J. (2001). The years of controversy: Biotechnology 1996-1999. Museum of Science and Industry. London.
  • Beck, U. (1986). Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Suhrkampl. Frankfurt.
  • Beck, U. (2002). La sociedad del riesgo global. Siglo XXI de España Editores. Madrid.
  • Beck, U. (2006). La sociedad del riesgo: hacia una nueva modernidad. Paidós Ibérica. Barcelona.
  • Chan, M. (2009). El nivel de alerta de pandemia de gripe se eleva de la fase 5 a la fase 6.
  • Cho, S.,Gower, K. K. (2006). The Effect of Framing on Public's Perception of Crisis: Human Interest Frame Effect on Attributions to Responsibility and Blame. Annual meeting of the International Communication Association. 19-23 Junio.
  • Davison, J.,Pennebaker, J.W. (1996). Social psychology: Handbook of basic principies. Guilford Press. New York.
  • De Benito, E. (2010). Fisuras en la causa contra la OMS. El País. 1
  • De Vreese, C.H. (2005). News Framing: Theory and typology. Document Design. 13. 51-62
  • De Vreese, C. H.,Boomgaarden, H. G.,Semetko, H. A. (2011). (In)direct Framing effects: The effects of news media Framing on public support for Turkish membership in the European union. Communication Research. 38. 179-205
  • De Vreese, C. H.,Peter, J.,Semetko, H. A. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication. 18. 107-122
  • Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication. 41. 51-58
  • Faridah, I.,Normah, M.,Chang, P. (2010). Framing a pandemic: analysis of malaysian mainstream newspapers in the h1n1 coverage. Preconference - Health Communication Campaigns: Issues and Strategies in Asia, Australia and Southeast Asia. Singapore. 2010.
  • Ghang, P.,Faridah, I.,Normah, M. (2010). Framing a pandemic: analysis of malaysianmainstream newspapers in the H1NI coverage. Journal of Media and Information Warfare. 3. 105-122
  • Gilles, I.,Bangerter, A.,Clemence, A.,Green, E.G.T.,Krings, F.,Mouton, A.,Rigaud, D.,Staerkle, C.,Wagner-Egger, P. (2011). Collective symbolic coping with disease threat and othering: A case study of avian influenza. British Journal of Social Psychology.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harper & Row. New York.
  • Gonzalo, J.L.,Farré, J. (2011). Teoría de la comunicación de riesgo. Editorial UOC. Barcelona.
  • Igartua, J. J.,Humanes, M. L.,Muñiz, C.,Cheng, L.,Mellado, C.,Medina, E.,Erazo, M. A. (2004). Setenta años de periodismo y comunicación en América Latina. Ediciones Universidad de La Plata. Buenos Aires.
  • Iyengar, S. (1990). Framing responsability for political issues: The case of Poverty. Political Behavior. 12. 19-40
  • Iyengar, S.,Kinder, D. R. (1997). News that matters: Television and American public opinion. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
  • Joffe, H. (1999). Risk and the "other". Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
  • Kaufman, S.,Smith, J. (1999). Framing and Reframing in Land Use Change Conflicts. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. 16. 164-180
  • Kenix, L.J. (2008). From media frame to social change?: A comparative analysis of same-sex rights in the United States and New Zealand press. Australian Journal of Communication. 35. 105-128
  • Klein, O.,Licata, L. (2003). When group representations serve social change: The speeches of Patrice Lumumba during the Congolese decolonization. British Journal of Social Psychology. 42. 571-593
  • Kosicki, G. M. (2001). The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and method. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks^eCA CA.
  • Martínez, N. (2009). Entidades que no reiniciaron ayer harán ajuste local, plantea Lujambio. El Universal. 4-14
  • McCombs, M. (2006). Estableciendo la agenda: El impacto de los medios en la opinión pública y en el conocimiento. Paidós Comunicación. Barcelona.
  • McCombs, M.,Lopez-Escobar, E.,Llamas, J. P. (2000). Setting the agenda of attributes in the 1996 spanish general election. Journal of Communication. 50. 77-92
  • McCombs, M.E.,Shaw, D.L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly. 36. 176-187
  • Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology. 18. 211-250
  • Naranjo, J.,Sahuquillo, M.R. (2009). Diario del H1N1 en España. El País. 31
  • (2009). Recurso a órganos consultivos por la OMS en su respuesta a la gripe pandémica. 19.
  • (2010). Respuesta internacional a la pandemia de gripe: la OMS responde a las críticas. 21.
  • Ordaz, P. (2009). México se pone la mascarilla. El País. 42
  • Ordaz, P. (2009). Alarma mundial por el virus. El País. 1
  • Orr, E.,Sagi, S.,Bar-On, D. (2000). Social representations in use: Israeli and Palestinian high school students'collective coping and defence. Papers on Social Representations. 9.
  • Pan, Z.,Kosicki, G. (2001). Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and our understanding of the social world. Lawrence Erlbaum. Mahwah.
  • Pan, Z.,Kosicki, G.M. (2005). The evolution of key communication concepts: Honoring Jack M. McLeod. Hampton Press. Cresskill.
  • Pennebaker, J.W.,Harber, K. (1993). A social stage model of collective coping: The Persian Gulf and other natural disasters. Journal of Social Issues. 49. 125-145
  • Piña, K. (2009). Muere pequeña dada de alta en clínicas del GDF. El Universal. 6
  • Reese, S. D.,Gandy, Jr., O. H.,Grant, A. E. (2001). Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah^eNJ NJ.
  • Reinert, M. (1996). Alceste (Version 3.0). Images. Toulouse.
  • Reinoso, J. (2009). Vigilancia de excepción. El País. 39
  • Rocamora Villena, V. (2012). De la Comunicación de Riesgos a la Comunicación de Crisis: La OMS en el caso de la gripe A (H1N1). III Congreso Internacional de la AE-IC "Comunicación y Riesgo". Tarragona. 18-20 enero.
  • Rodríguez, R. (2009). Más de mil 300 casos de A H1N1 en un día. El Universal. 11
  • Rosas, V. (2009). Crece rechazo en el mundo a mexicanos. El Universal. 1
  • Rosenbrock, R.,Dubois-Arber, F.,Moers, M.,Pinell, P.,Schaeffer, D.,Setbon, M. (2000). The normalization of AIDS in Western European countries. Social Science and Medicine. 50. 1607-1629
  • Scheufele, D. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication and Society. 3. 297-316
  • Scheufele, D.,Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The evolution of Three Media Effects Models. Journal of Communication. 57. 9-20
  • Semetko, H.,Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News. Journal of Communication. 50. 93-109
  • Setbon, M. (2000). La normalisation paradoxale du sida (The paradoxical normalization of AIDS). Revue Française de Sociologie. 41. 61-78
  • Sperber, D.,Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance-comunication and cognition. Blackwell. Oxford.
  • Tanner, A.,Friedman, D.B.,Koskan, A.,Barr, D. (2009). Disaster communication on the internet: A focus on Mobilising Information. Journal of Health Communication. 14. 741-755
  • Valencia, J.,Gil De Montes, L.,Ortiz, G.,Larrañaga, M.,Idoyaga, N. (2010). Enmarcamiento y el rechazo o aceptación de los aspectos generales y específicos de la Ley de igualdad de Género en España: representaciones sociales y regulaciones normativas. Revista de Psicología Social. 25. 145-155
  • Valkenburg, P.M.,Semetko, H. A.,De Vreese, C.H. (1999). The effects of news frames on readers' thoughts and recall. Communications Research. 26. 550-569
  • Vicente, M.,López, P. (2009). Resultados actuales de la investigación sobre framing: sólido avance internacional y arranque de la especialidad en España. ZER. 14. 13-34
  • Voelklein, C.,Howard, C. (2005). A Review of Controversies about Social Representations Theory: A British Debate. Culture & Psychology. 11. 431-454
  • Wagner, W. (1998). Social representations and beyond-brute facts, symbolic coping and domesticated worlds. Culture and Psychology. 4. 297-329
  • Wagner, W.,Hayes, N. (2005). Everyday discourse and common sense: The theory of social representations. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke.
  • Wagner, W.,Kronberger, N.,Seifert, F. (2002). Collective symbolic coping with new technology: Knowledge, images and public discourse. British Journal of Social Psychology. 41. 323-343
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet