Youth, social networks and identityA cross-border study from the Basque Country

  1. ENEKO BIDEGAIN
  2. AMAIA ARROYO-SAGASTA
  3. KOLDO DIAZ
  4. AITOR ZUBEROGOITIA
  5. ENEKO ANTON
  6. IXIAR ROZAS
Revista:
Catalan journal of communication & cultural studies

ISSN: 1757-1898

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 15

Número: 1

Páginas: 101-122

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Catalan journal of communication & cultural studies

Resumen

This article analyses the main concerns and attitudes Basque adolescents have with regard to youth identity and social media usage. For that purpose, three techniques were combined to collect data in seventeen schools in the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Labourd: a survey of 1133 students, of whom 242 also completed a diary and 482 took part in discussion groups. The participants mentioned several reasons to post content, including a tendency to want to present a positive image of themselves. It can be concluded that the attitudes of Basque adolescents resemble those found in recent studies from western countries, indicating the same predisposition to externally oriented identities.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aran-Ramspott, S.,, Fedele, M., and Tarragó, A.. ( 2018;), ‘ “YouTubers” social functions and their influence on pre-adolescence. ’, Comunicar, 57:XXVI, pp. 71–80, https://doi.org/10.3916/C57-2018-07. [Google Scholar]
  • Astigarraga, I.. ( 2017;), ‘ Gazteen interakzioa ikus-entzunezko edukiekin: Mondragon Unibertsitateko ikasleen kasua. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Aretxabaleta:: Mondragon University. [Google Scholar]
  • Barkhuus, L., and Tashiro, J.. ( 2010;), ‘ Student socialization in the age of Facebook. ’, SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Atlanta, 10–15 April. [Google Scholar]
  • Basterretxea, J. I.,, Idoiaga, P.,, Ramírez de la Piscina, T., and Zarandona, E.. ( 2007), Alfabetizazio berriak: Euskal Herriko neska-mutilak eta komunikabideak, Vitoria-Gasteiz:: Gobierno Vasco;. [Google Scholar]
  • Basterretxea, J. I.,, Idoiaga, P.,, Zarandona, E., and Ramírez de la Piscina, T.. ( 2006;), ‘ Euskal Herriko eskola-gazteak telebistaren katean. ’, Uztaro, 55:1, pp. 63–87. [Google Scholar]
  • Bolibar, A.,, Ipiña, N., and Zuberogoitia, A.. ( 2018;), ‘ Adolescentes, administración pública y redes sociales: estudio exploratorio de los hábitos de comunicación de los adolescentes. ’, in X. Carrera,, F. Martínez,, J. L. Coiduras,, E. Brescó, and E. Vaquero. (eds), EDUcación con TECnología: un compromiso social. Aproximaciones desde la investigación y la innovación, Lleida:: Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, Asociación EDUTEC;, pp. 1459–61. [Google Scholar]
  • Boulianne, S.. ( 2015;), ‘ Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. ’, Information, Communication & Society, 18:5, pp. 524–38. [Google Scholar]
  • Bray, Z., and Keating, M.. ( 2013;), ‘ European integration and the Basque Country in France and Spain. ’, in T. J. Mabry,, J. McGarry,, M. Moore, and B. O’Leary. (eds), Divided Nations and European Integration, Philadelphia, PA:: University of Pennsylvania;, pp. 127–56. [Google Scholar]
  • Buckingham, D.. ( 2019), The Media Education Manifesto, Cambridge, MA:: Polity Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • Byrne, J.,, Kardefelt-Winther, D.,, Livingstone, S., and Stoilova, M.. ( 2016;), ‘ Global kids online research synthesis, 2015–2016. ’, UNICEF Office of Research–Innocenti and London School of Economics and Political Science, http://globalkidsonline.net/synthesis-report/. Accessed 10 February 2021. [Google Scholar]
  • Cabanas, E., and Illouz, E.. ( 2019), Happycracia: Cómo la ciencia y la industria de la felicidad controlan nuestras vidas, Barcelona:: Paidós;. [Google Scholar]
  • Caro, L.. ( 2012;), ‘ La encarnación del yo en las redes sociales digitales. ’, Telos, 91:1, pp. 1–13, https://telos.fundaciontelefonica.com/archivo/numero091/la-encarnacion-del-yo-en-las-redes-sociales-digitales. Accessed 10 February 2021. [Google Scholar]
  • Carr, N.. ( 2010), The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, New York:: W. W. Norton;. [Google Scholar]
  • Castells, M.. ( 2009), Comunicación y poder, Madrid:: Alianza;. [Google Scholar]
  • Colás, P.,, González, T., and De Pablos, J.. ( 2013;), ‘ Young people and social networks: Motivations and preferred uses. ’, Comunicar, 40:XX, pp. 15–23, http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-02-01. [Google Scholar]
  • Common Sense ( 2018), ‘Social media, social life. Teens reveal their Experiences’, 10 September, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/social-media-social-life-teens-reveal-their-experiences-2018. Accessed 12 April 2023.
  • Common Sense ( 2019;), ‘ The Common Sense census: Media use by tweens and teens. ’, 28 October, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/2019-census-8-to-18-full-report-updated.pdf. Accessed 12 April 2023.
  • Common Sense ( 2020;), ‘ Tweens, teens, tech, and mental health: Coming of age in an increasingly digital, uncertain, and unequal world report. ’, 29 June, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/tweens-teens-tech-and-mental-health-coming-of-age-in-an-increasingly-digital-uncertain-and-unequal-world-2020. Accessed 12 April 2023.
  • Coscollola, M. D.,, Sánchez i Valero, J. A., and Sancho, J. M.. ( 2014;), ‘ Investigar con y sobre los jóvenes colaborando y educando. ’, Comunicar, 42:21, pp. 157–64. [Google Scholar]
  • Creswick, H.,, Dowthwaite, L.,, Koene, A.,, Pérez Vallejos, E.,, Portillo, V.,, Cano, M., and Woodard, C.. ( 2019;), ‘ “… They don’t really listen to people”: Young people’s concerns and recommendations for improving online experiences. ’, Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 17:2, pp. 167–82. [Google Scholar]
  • Davies, W.. ( 2015), The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being, London:: Verso;. [Google Scholar]
  • Davis, K.,, Weinstein, E., and Gardner, H.. ( 2017;), ‘ In defense of complexity: Beware of simplistic narratives about teens and technology. ’, Medium , 13 August, https://medium.com/@kedavis/in-defense-of-complexity-beware-of-simplistic-narratives-about-teens-and-technology-f9a7cb59176. Accessed 10 February 2021.
  • Escardíbul, J. O.,, Mora, T., and Villarroya, A.. ( 2013;), ‘ Peer effects on youth screen media consumption in Catalonia (Spain). ’, Journal of Cultural Economics, 37:2, pp. 185–201. [Google Scholar]
  • European Commission ( 2009), Recommendation on Media Literacy, Brussels:: European Commission;. [Google Scholar]
  • Fedele, M.,, García-Muñoz, N., and Prado, E.. ( 2015;), ‘ Catalan adolescents’ media uses and leisure preferences related to new media and television. ’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 7:1, pp. 51–70. [Google Scholar]
  • Fernandez de Arroyabe, A.,, Lazkano, I.,, Eguskiza, L.,, Larrauri, I.,, Zunzunegui, S., and Zumalde, I.. ( 2017;), ‘ Gipuzkoako nerabe euskaldunak: ikus-entzunezko edukien kontsumoa eta sorkuntza. ’, https://www.gipuzkoa.eus/documents/13448758/52c1893c-f9f0-ddb2-cbf2-fec03d2f6abc. Accessed 12 April 2023.
  • Fernandez de Landa, J.. ( 2017), Sare Sozialen erabilera moduak eta maiztasunak Gasteizko nerabeen kolektiboaren baitan, Bilbo:: UEU;. [Google Scholar]
  • Gardner, H., and Davis, K.. ( 2013), The App Generation: How Today’s Youth Navigate Identity, Intimacy, and Imagination in a Digital World, New Haven, CT:: Yale University Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • Gazteen Euskal Behatokia ( 2012), Gazteen argazkiak 15. Hedabideak, Gasteiz:: Eusko Jaurlaritza;. [Google Scholar]
  • Gazteen Euskal Behatokia ( 2016), Euskadiko Gazteak eta Sare Sozialak, Gasteiz:: Eusko Jaurlaritza;. [Google Scholar]
  • Gubern, R.. ( 2013), Cultura audiovisual: Escritos 1981–2011, Madrid:: Cátedra;. [Google Scholar]
  • House of Commons Science and Technology Committee ( 2019;), Impact of Social Media and Screen-Use on Young People’s Health. , Fourteenth Report of Session 2017–19, London:: House of Commons;. [Google Scholar]
  • Huffaker, D.. ( 2006;), ‘ Teen blogs exposed: The private lives of teens made public. ’, Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, St. Louis, 16–19 February. [Google Scholar]
  • Igartua, J. J., and Rodriguez-de-Dios, I.. ( 2016;), ‘ Motivational correlates of use and satisfaction with Facebook. ’, Cuadernos, 38:1, pp. 107–19, https://ojs.uc.cl/index.php/cdi/article/view/24259. Accessed 12 April 2023. [Google Scholar]
  • Illouz, E.. (comp.) ( 2019), Capitalismo, consumo y autenticidad: Las emociones como mercancía, Madrid:: Katz;. [Google Scholar]
  • James, C.. ( 2014), Disconnected: Youth, New Media and the Ethics Gap, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • James, C.,, Davis, K.,, Flores, A.,, Francis, J. M.,, Pettingill, L.,, Rundle, M., and Gardner, H.. ( 2009), Young People, Ethics, and the New Digital Media: A Synthesis from the Good. Play Project, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • Jenkins, H.. ( 2006), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York:: New York University Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • Jensen, K. B.. ( 2012;), ‘ The complementarity of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in media and communication research. ’, in K. B. Jensen. (ed.), A Handbook of Media and Communication Research, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 283–301. [Google Scholar]
  • Juaristi, P.. ( 2003), Gizarte ikerketarako teknikak. Teoriak eta adibideak, Bilbao:: EHU;. [Google Scholar]
  • Lacalle Zalduendo, C., and Castro Mariño, D.. ( 2018;), ‘ Self-identity disclosure in TV fandom: Analysing the comments posted by Spanish female fans and community managers. ’, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73:1, pp. 1–18. [Google Scholar]
  • Leizaola, A.. ( 1996;), ‘ Muga: Border and boundaries in the Basque Country. ’, Europaea, 2:1, pp. 91–102. [Google Scholar]
  • Livingstone, S.. ( 2004;), ‘ The challenge of changing audiences: Or what is the researcher to do in the age of the internet?. ’, European Journal of Communication, 19:1, pp. 75–86. [Google Scholar]
  • Marín-López, I.,, Zych, I.,, Ortega-Ruiz, R.,, Hunter, S. C., and Llorent, V. J.. ( 2020;), ‘ Relations among online emotional content use, social and emotional competencies and cyberbullying. ’, Children and Youth Services Review, 108:1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104647. [Google Scholar]
  • Miller, D.,, Costa, E.,, Haynes, N.,, McDonald, T.,, Nicolescu, R.,, Sinanan, J.,, Spyer, J.,, Venkatraman, S., and Wang, X.. ( 2016), How the World Changed Social Media, London:: UCL Press;. [Google Scholar]
  • Murillo, S., and Mena, L.. ( 2006), Detectives y camaleones: el grupo de discusión. Una propuesta para la investigación cualitativa, Madrid:: Talasa;. [Google Scholar]
  • Ofcom ( 2020a;), ‘ Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report 2019. ’, 4 February, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/media-literacy-research/childrens/children-and-parents-media-use-and-attitudes-report-2019. Accessed 2 May 2023.
  • Ofcom ( 2020b), ‘Children’s Media Lives – Wave 6’, February, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/190524/cml-year-6-findings.pdf. Accessed 2 May 2023.
  • Pavón, A.. ( 2014;), ‘ Nerabearen eta lagun-taldearen ikus-entzunezko kontsumoa 2011n. Gipuzkoako kasu azterketa. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Aretxabaleta:: Mondragon University. [Google Scholar]
  • Ramírez de la Piscina, T.,, Andrieu, A.,, Basterretxea, J. I.,, Jimenez, E., and Idoiaga, P.. ( 2010;), ‘ Ikus-entzunezko alfabetizazioaren indar-guneak eta gabeziak Euskal Herrian. Eskola-komunitatean egindako ikerketa kualitatibo baten emaitzak. ’, Tantak, 22:2, pp. 67–91. [Google Scholar]
  • Rideout, V. J.,, Foehr, U. G., and Roberts, D. F.. ( 2010), Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds, Menlo Park, CA:: Kaiser Family Foundation;. [Google Scholar]
  • Rideout, V. J., and Robb, M. B.. ( 2018), Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences, San Francisco, CA:: Common Sense Media;. [Google Scholar]
  • Ruiz Olabuenaga, J. I.. ( 2009), Metodología de la investigación cualitativa, Bilbao:: Universidad de Deusto;. [Google Scholar]
  • Schrøder, K.,, Drotner, K.,, Kline, S., and Murray, C.. ( 2003), Researching Audiences, London:: Arnold;. [Google Scholar]
  • Shirky, C.. ( 2010), Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into Collaborators, New York:: Penguin Books;. [Google Scholar]
  • Smahel, D.,, Machackova, H.,, Mascheroni, G.,, Dedkova, L.,, Staksrud, E.,, Ólafsson, K.,, Livingstone, S., and Hasebrink, U.. ( 2020;), ‘ EU kids online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. ’, https://www.eukidsonline.ch/files/Eu-kids-online-2020-international-report.pdf. Accessed 10 February 2021.
  • Stefanone, M. A.,, Lackaff, D., and Rosen, D.. ( 2010;), ‘ The relationship between traditional mass media and “social media”: Reality television as a model for social network site behavior. ’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54:3, pp. 508–25. [Google Scholar]
  • Suárez Ortega, M.. ( 2005), El grupo de discusión. Una herramienta para la investigación cualitativa, Barcelona:: Laertes;. [Google Scholar]
  • Turkle, S.. ( 2015), Reclaiming Conversation. The Power of Talk in a Digital Age, New York:: Penguin Books;. [Google Scholar]
  • UNESCO ( 2009), Mapping Media Education Policies in the World: Visions, Programmes and Challenges, New York:: The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations in cooperation with Grupo Comunicar;. [Google Scholar]
  • Wilson, C.,, Grizzle, A.,, Tuazon, R.,, Akyempong, K., and Cheung, C.K.. ( 2011), Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers, Paris:: UNESCO;. [Google Scholar]
  • Velasco-Graciet, H., and Canas, X.. ( 2004;), ‘ L’eurocité basque Bayonne Saint-Sébastien, une construction urbaine transfrontalière. ’, BAGF: A la recherche des frontières de la ville, 81:4, pp. 509–21. [Google Scholar]
  • Vermaas, K.. ( 2007;), ‘ Fast diffusion and broadening use. A research on residential adoption and usage of broadband Internet in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2005. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht:: Utrecht University. [Google Scholar]
  • Zemmels, D.. ( 2012;), ‘ Youth and new media. ’, Communication Research, 31:4, pp. 4–22. [Google Scholar]
  • Bidegain, Eneko,, Arroyo-Sagasta, Amaia,, Diaz, Koldo,, Zuberogoitia, Aitor,, Anton, Eneko, and Rozas, Ixiar. ( 2023;), ‘ Youth, social networks and identity: A cross-border study from the Basque Country. ’, Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 15:1, pp. 101–22, https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs_00080_1 [Google Scholar]