Viruela del monouna enfermedad emergente

  1. Madariaga-Torres, Lucila 1
  2. Aitor Cobo-Cabada 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología. Bizkaia. España.
Revista:
Gaceta médica de Bilbao: Revista oficial de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. Información para profesionales sanitarios

ISSN: 0304-4858 2173-2302

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 120

Número: 4

Páginas: 181-192

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Gaceta médica de Bilbao: Revista oficial de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. Información para profesionales sanitarios

Resumen

Tximinoaren baztanga 1958an lehen aldiz isolatutako poxbirus batek eragindako zoonosia da, baztanga forma arintzat hartua izan dena. Gaixotasun hori, 1970etik gizakiengan ezaguna, endemikoa da Afrika Erdialdeko eta Mendebaldeko hainbat herrialdetan, eta herrialde horietan gero eta ugariagoak diren agerraldiak eragiten ditu, bereziki Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoari (RDC) eragin diotenak. Afrikatik kanpo ere agerraldi batzuk izan dira, baina 2022. urtera arte beti bidaiekin edo kontinente horretatik iritsitako animalia infektatuekin kontaktuan egotearekin lotuta. Gaixotasun hori gaixotasun emergentetzat hartzen da.2022an, ordea, agerraldi zabal bat izan da, urtearen amaiera aldera kontrolatu zena, eta milaka kasu izan dira, bereziki Europan eta Amerikan, eta komunitate-transmisioarekin. Kasu gehienek beste gizon batzuekin sexu-harremanak dituztela adierazi duten gizonei eragin diete, eta, beraz, talde horietan sexu-harremana izatea izan da agerraldia hedatzeko funtsezko moduetako bat.Agerraldi zabal horren garrantziak gaixotasun horren ikerketa eta ezagutza areagotu ditu, baita hura kontrolatzeko tresnak ezartzera behartu ere. Tresna horiek, funtsean, pertsonen arteko kontaktu estua saihesteko neurriak izan dira, bai sexu-harremanetan, bai gizarte-topaketetan, eta, bestalde, bereziki arriskuan dauden pertsonen esposizioaren aurreko eta ondorengo txertoa. Txertaketa horretarako baztangaren aurkako hirugarren belaunaldiko txertoak erabili dira, eskaini dezaketen babes gurutzatua oinarri hartuta. Gaixotasun hau One Health estrategiaren helburu nagusietako bat da, ikerketa eta ezagutza hobeto errentagarri bihur baititzake kontrol-neurriak ezartzeko, agerraldien sorreraren eta hedapenaren determinatzaile posible guztietan jardunez. © 2023 Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. Eskubide guztiak gordeta.

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