Asociación entre victimización por bullying, ansiedad y depresión en la infancia y la adolescenciael efecto mediador de la autoestima

  1. Nekane Balluerka 1
  2. Jone Aliri 1
  3. Olatz Goni-Balentziaga 1
  4. Arantxa Gorostiaga 1
  1. 1 Universidad el País Vasco UPV/EHU
Revista:
Revista de psicodidáctica

ISSN: 1136-1034

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 28

Número: 1

Páginas: 26-34

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSICOE.2022.11.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicodidáctica

Resumen

El bullying constituye un problema psicosocial muy grave que conlleva consecuencias negativas, siendo uno de los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de problemas psicológicos y sintomatología psicopatológica tanto en la niñez y la adolescencia como en la edad adulta. En el presente estudio se pretende analizar el efecto mediador de la autoestima en la relación entre padecer acoso y desarrollar síntomas ansiosos ydepresivos. Han participado 550 niños y niñas y adolescentes (56.5%mujeres) de entre 10 y 17 años (M = 12.20, DT = 1.75) de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, que han cumplimentado una batería de instrumentos compuesta por un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas, un cuestionario para la evaluación de la victimización escolar, la escala para la medición de la autoestima de Rosenberg y el cuestionario Educativo-Clínico: Ansiedad y Depresión. Los resultados de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales reflejan, por un lado, que sufrir bullying es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar ansiedad y depresión en la niñez y en la adolescencia. Por otro lado, confirman que la autoestima es una variable que media la relación entre el bullying y ambos problemas emocionales. Esta acción mediadora de la autoestima resulta de gran relevancia en el caso de la depresión, dado que el efecto que tiene el bullying sobre la depresión aumenta cuando está mediatizado por la autoestima. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados, tanto en el ámbito de la psicología educativa, como en el ámbito del bienestar psicológico de niños y niñas y adolescentes.

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