Caracterizacion de las estructuras, control y lay-out de convertidores conmutados para la reduccion de perturbaciones

Abstract

The subject of this Thesis is to study conducted disturbances produced by a voltage source inverter supplied from the mains through a rectifier. The main goal is to identify the origin of conducted disturbances and also quantify in a quick and easy way the influence of different factors (topology and lay-out of the converter, switching patterns, components) on EMI . In order to achieve this goal, a systematic analysis approach has been developed. This new methodology can be easily applied to any converter topology, whatever the kind of switching (soft or hard) is used. The analysis is based on the source of noise-propagation path-disturbance approach and consists in the setting out of two equivalent circuits of lumped parameters, one for each mode of propagation. This separate treatment of both modes of propagation allows the calculation of their contribution to the global level of disturbance. Equations drawn from these equivalent circuits are solved in the frequency domain. This approach avoids all the problems of time-domain simulations and provides robust and quick simulations rather than very accurate results. The simulation results of this methodology show a good agreement with experimental measures up to 5MHz. Chapter 1 describes problems caused by electromagnetic disturbances generated by switched power converters. The state of the art about this matter is presented. All instruments used to carry out measures (spectrum analyser, LISN, HF current clamp) are described and modelled. The experimental set-up is thoroughly described. Also some considerations about mathematical tools used are presented. Chapter 2 is devoted to study the propagation path of disturbances. First of all, the impedance measuring method is described, which is one of the contributions of the Thesis. After that, main impedances of the system are identified and measured. From these results, equivalent circuits of lumped parameters that model the main impedances of the propagation path are derived. In Chapter 3, disturbances generated in a single phase arrangement by the rectifier and the inverter working separately are studied. Source of noise in both cases are identified and modelled. Finally, disturbances are calculated taking into account results of Chapter 2. Results obtained in Chapter 3 are combined in Chapter 4 in order to obtain the disturbance reaching the mains when both converters (rectifier and inverter) are connected in cascade. Experimental validation of the model are presented in Chapters 3 and 4, by comparing results of measures with those provided by simulation. Once main goals of the Thesis are achieved, Chapter 5 shows the validity of the methodology developed in Chapter 3 when it is used to calculate the CM currents in the load side of a three-phase inverter. In this Chapter another contribution of the Thesis is presented: a new modulation technique for three-phase inverters specially intended to reduce CM currents in the load side. Comparison between simulation results and measurements show a good agreement. The conclusions of the Thesis are summarised in Chapter 6. The future works suggested by the results of the Thesis are also presented.