Protecció, comerç i delicte ambientals. Anàlisi de tres règims internacionals ambientalsel comerç d'espècies en perill d'extinció, l'ozó estratosfèric i el transport i comerç de residus perillosos

Abstract

ABSTRACT Trade in hazardous wastes, ozone layer depletion and international trade in endangered species are three first page environmental problems within international arena. To combat these problems has been created three of the most important and in function international environmental regimes, which are studied deeply in this work. These three analyzed problems have interesting aspects in common for the study of international relations: the cause of the problem is related to economic aspects, specially North/South trade, the differences between both hemispheres justify the main volume of trade; Second, complex mechanisms of environmental protection have been created internationally, which includes commercial mechanisms, that means that most of the answers to combat these problems are in contradiction with other international economic policies; finally, theses three cases present an important offence, which is the third illegal trade world most important after drugs and weapons. The objectives of this work are: analyze the different problems that international community has to face, the answers that this international community has given in each case, and make a comparative analysis of these three regimes. Following these objectives, the thesis is structured in three parts: Part I.- study of each problems proposed: how they are produced, problem evolution, causes and consequences, geographical zones and actors implied. Part II.- analysis of international regimes that must respond to each of these problems. Based on the reference convention (CITES-trade of endangered species; Basel- trade of hazardous wastes; Montreal Protocol - depletion of ozone layer) we study the precedents of the conventions, this reference convention and the evolution of regimes. We make special emphasis on the analysis of actors, and the negotiation process in the creation of rules related to these different activities. We underline the best parts and which could be improved, future questions, actors' role and efficacy of regimes. Part III.- take into account the similarities and differences of the studied cases, we analyse comparatively these three regimes: links between environment and economy, environmental governance mechanisms (actors and environmental efficiency) and future questions, specially the environmental crime and environmental protection and cooperation mechanisms. The analysis ends with a wide and unprecedent work of gathering information attached on annexes. We can underline the hazardous waste trade cases and the habitats protection figures. We can also find in annexes the evolution of different reference conventions, their ratification status and a chronology.