Els blocs plurifamiliars acollits a polítiques públiques d'habitatge a sabadell. Construcció amb sistemes de murs de càrrega. Període 1940 - 1980

Resumen

The lack of housing existing in Spain during post-war period lead Spanish government to implement housing policies with financial support to those projects that meet certain conditions both constructive and cost. Among structural types used in these developments, the wall of masonry as a structural element is one of the most used. We find both low buildings and not so low buildings where the masonry is used to its limits from a current technical view. These structures built between the 40s and 80s of the twentieth century are buildings currently in use, where it is necessary to carry out some reparation and maintenance actions over time and that takes into consideration the need or not to perform some more action apart from simple repair of damaged items. In order to know the structural behavior of masonry constructed from post-war to the end of the load-bearing wall as a structural element, and also to be able to evaluate the need to carry out reinforcement actions, this work analyzes structural behavior of multi-family buildings benefited from public policies carried out during this period in the city of Sabadell, one of the cities of Catalonia with both large population growth and lack of housing in the period of analysis. The sample is drawn from the projects included in 172 building permits from the City of Sabadell built under public housing policies. Through the documentation deposited in the Town Hall consisting of plans and technical memories it has been contrasted with primary models, visiting them externally and in the cases that have been possible accessing the interiors. Throughout this period there is a very significant evolution of regulations, from the lack of them in the first analysis period, to a fully regulated system at the end of the period. In this work this evolution is exposed in order to understand the structural and building system and its evolution, carrying out necessary comparisons to understand and to analyze what is their current state. Work verifies the resistance capacity of the masonry on buildings that show the harshest conditions, through the different techniques and regulations existing over the period of study in order to be compared and to evaluate current situation of the buildings, still in use. Conclusions and contributions of this thesis refer to the constructive evolution of the masonry as a structural element between the 40s and 80s of the twentieth century, and knowledge of this structural model. Evolution of the regulatory framework and calculation systems of the period to be analyzed from the present time. Proposals for action in existing buildings to certain deficiencies. Transversely, it provides the topological evolution of buildings benefiting from public promotion policies and the evolution of the regulatory framework that hosted them.