Origen de la variación clinal en el genoma humano europeo

Abstract

In this work we have used a database of 621,799 SNPs analyzed in individuals from various populations, in order to characterize the clines present in the European human genome. As many clines are created because of the mixture of two populations of different origin, they are important tools to detect the presence of major migration waves in a continent. To try and determine the origin in time of the observed tendencies, these have been ascribed to the three main historical migrations of the continent: the postglacial recolonisation, the expansion of Anatolian farmers during the Neolithic, and the expansion of the Yamnaya culture from the Pontic steppe. After excluding clines that have potentially been the product of natural selection, the result has been a majority of latitudinally oriented clines, probably as a result of the spread of the three migratory waves mentioned above. In addition, several longitudinal clines have been detected on the Y chromosome, probably corresponding to haplogroup R1b-M269, which despite its orientation seems to have spread throughout Europe together with the Yamnaya culture.