Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y su relación diagnóstica con el Trastorno por estrés postraumático infantilUna revisión sistemática

  1. Miguel Aguirre Sánchez 1
  2. Francesc Sidera-Caballero 1
  3. Carles Rostan-Sánchez 1
  4. Iban Onandia-Hinchado 2
  1. 1 Universitat de Girona. España
  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

Revista:
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

ISSN: 2340-8340

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 9

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

Resumen

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) tiene una gran prevalencia tanto en la infancia como en la adolescencia. Últimamente, se ha podido observar un creciente interés por este trastorno tanto desde una perspectiva social como profesional y educativa. Los errores diagnósticos en el TDAH pueden ser debidos a posibles casos de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) no identificados. El principal objetivo es investigar la relación entre el TDAH y TEPT en población infantil y analizar si esta relación puede llevar a diagnósticos erróneos. Para ello se efectuó una revisión de la literatura científica a través de bases de datos especializadas empleando los términos “TDAH”, “trauma”, “TEPT”, “abuso infantil”, “déficit atención” y con especial interés en los artículos que relacionaban TDAH y TEPT. Los 48 documentos y estudios analizados muestran una estrecha relación entre algunos síntomas del TDAH que pueden solaparse con los síntomas del TEPT infantil y viceversa. Los niños que han padecido un trauma, con frecuencia muestran síntomas similares al TDAH y éstos, a su vez, se superponen con el TEPT. Distinguir un diagnóstico de TEPT y TDAH puede ser un proceso complejo si además tenemos en cuenta que un trastorno puede influir en la expresión de otro y, al contrario. Un correcto diagnóstico diferencial y una precisa evaluación de cada caso posible de TDAH es fundamental para evitar falsos positivos. La principal contribución de este trabajo es señalar la necesidad de tener en cuenta la exploración de posibles traumas previos en la historia clínica dentro del proceso de evaluación y diagnóstico de posible TDAH.

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