Balance ambiental del Corredor Norte del Tren de Alta Velocidad de Españaun enfoque de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida

  1. Andoni Kortazar 1
  2. Gorka Bueno 2
  3. David Hoyos 2
  1. 1 Departamento de Economía Aplicada V de la UPV/EH
  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

Journal:
Revista de economía crítica

ISSN: 1696-0866,  2013-5254

Year of publication: 2020

Issue: 30

Pages: 99-119

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Revista de economía crítica

Abstract

Spain has the world’s second longest network of High-Speed Rail (HSR) lines built and in service. HSR is usually presented as a sustainable means of transport with huge potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption. The majority of studies carried out on this mode of transport have focused on analysing and estimating these savings in terms of network operation, but sometimes ignore the burdens associated with the construction of the infrastructure. This article analyzes the environmental loads of construction and operation of the Northern Corridor and verifies if its construction is justified in terms of reducing environmental impacts and reducing energy consumption. To do so, it integrates into the study the construction and maintenance phase of the line, together with the operation phase. More specifically, the study is based on the life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology, which includes the calculation of the loads associated with the construction of the infrastructure and distributes them throughout its useful life. This study concludes that this high-speed North line will not compensate, during its useful life, the environmental impacts generated in its construction and maintenance phase, nor will it contribute to net energy savings.

Bibliographic References

  • ADIF. (2020): “Adif-Líneas de alta velocidad”. ADIF Alta Velocidad. http://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/es_ES/ infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/lineas_de_alta_velocidad.shtml115
  • Adra, N., Michaux, J.-L., y André, M. (2010): “Analysis of the load factor and the empty running rate for road transport. Artemis—Assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory systems”. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277183200_Analysis_of_the_load_factor_ and_the_empty_running_rate_for_road_transport_Artemis_-_assessment_and_reliability_of_transport_ emission_models_and_inventory_systems
  • Akerman, J. (2011): “The role of high-speed rail in mitigating climate change – The Swedish case Europabanan from a life cycle perspective”. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(3), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2010.12.004
  • Banar, M., y Özdemir, A. (2015): “An evaluation of railway passenger transport in Turkey using life cycle assessment and life cycle cost methods”. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 41, 88-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.09.017
  • Barnes, E. (2014): “California High Speed Resilience to Climate Change”. En Center for Earth Systems Engineering and Management. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25239
  • Baron, T., Martinetti, G., y Pépion, D. (2011): “Carbon footprint of high speed rail”. International Union of Railways (UIC). http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1134978
  • Betancor, O., y Llobet, G. (2015): “Contabilidad financiera y social de la alta velocidad en España”. FEDEA: Área de infraestructuras y Transportes.
  • Bueno, G., Hoyos, D., y Capellán-Pérez, I. (2017): “Evaluating the environmental performance of the high speed rail project in the Basque Country, Spain”. Research in Transportation Economics, 62, 44-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2017.02.004
  • California High-Speed Rail Authority. (2016): California High-Speed Rail Sustainability Report. 54.
  • Chang, B., y Kendall, A. (2011): “Life cycle greenhouse gas assessment of infrastructure construction for California’s high-speed rail system”. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(6), 429-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.04.004
  • Chester, M., y Horvath, A. (2010): “Life-cycle assessment of high-speed rail: The case of California”. Environmental Research Letters, 5(1), 014003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014003
  • Cornet, Y., Dudley, G. y Banister, D. (2017): “High Speed Rail: Implications for carbon emissions and biodiversity”. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2017.08.007
  • Cour des Comptes. (2014): “La grande vitesse ferroviaire: Un modele porte au-dela de sa pertinence”. https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/EzPublish/20141023_rapport_grande_vitesse_ferroviaire.pdf
  • Cuenot, F. (2016): “Carbon Footprint of Railway Infraestructure: Comparing existing methodologies on typical corridors”. UIC-ETF, 51.
  • De Rus, G. (2011). “The BCA of HSR: Should the Government Invest in High Speed Rail Infrastructure?” Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1058
  • Dorsey, B., Olsson, M. y Rew, L. J. (2015): “Ecological Effects of Railways on Wildlife”. En R. van der Ree, D. J. Smith, y C. Grilo (Eds.), Handbook of Road Ecology (pp. 219-227). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118568170.ch26/summary Enterate. (2018). “Mapa de trenes AVE España 2018 (líneas, rutas, destinos...)”. ENTERAT.COM. http:// www.enterat.com/servicios/mapa-ave-espana.php
  • European Commission. (1992): “Green Paper on the Impact of Transport on the Environment. A Community Strategy for «Sustainable Mobility»». http://aei.pitt.edu/1235/116
  • European Commission. (2011). “A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050” (COM (2011) 112 final). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
  • European Commission. (2013): “EU energy, transport and GHG emissions—Trends to 2050: Reference scenario 2013”. Luxembourg: European Commission.
  • European Court of Auditors. (2018): “A European high-speed rail network: Not a reality but an ineffective patchwork”. https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR18_19/SR_HIGH_SPEED_RAIL_EN.pdf
  • European Environment Agency. (2018): “Transport: Increasing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions hamper EU progress towards environment and climate objectives”. European Environment Agency.
  • Galán, J., Alameda, D. y Abad, J. M. (2017): “AVE: Estas son las estaciones de alta velocidad más y menos utilizadas de España”. EL PAÍS. https://elpais.com/economia/2017/03/01/actualidad/1488362770_011434. html
  • García Álvarez, A. (2010): “Energy Consumption and Emissions of High-Speed Trains”. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2159, 27-35. https://doi.org/10.3141/2159- 04
  • García, P. (2017): “Las ocho estaciones del AVE en España con menos de 150 pasajeros al día”. El Independiente. https://www.elindependiente.com/economia/2017/11/12/estaciones-ave-espana-menos-viajeros/
  • Jehanno, A., Palmer, D., & James, C. (2011): High Speed Rail and Sustainability. International Union of Railways, UIC. http://old.uic.org/download.php/publication/531E.pdf
  • Jones H., Moura F. y Domingos T. (2016): “Life cycle assessment of high-speed rail: A case study in Portugal”. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305820361_Life_cycle_assessment_ of_high-speed_rail_a_case_study_in_Portugal
  • Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana. (2018): Anuario estadístico 2018. Capítulo 8. Tráfico. https://www.mitma.gob.es/recursos_mfom/paginabasica/recursos/08trafico_18.pdf
  • Observatorio del Ferrocarril en España (2016): “Informe 2015” https://www.fomento.gob.es/NR/ rdonlyres/2D6FF366-18BE-4D71-9C0B-DFA456575AFB/142179/Informe_OFE2015.pdf
  • SPRI. (2020). “La Y vasca es el salto cualitativo más importante en la transición ecológica de nuestro país”. SPRI. https://www.spri.eus/es/infraestructuras-comunicacion/tapia-la-y-vasca-es-el-salto-cualitativo-mas-importante-en-la-transicion-ecologica-de-nuestro-pais/
  • Tuchschmid, M., Knörr, W., Schacht, A., Mottschall, M. y Schmied, M. (2011): “Carbon Footprint and environmental impact of Railway Infrastructure”. International Union of Railways, UIC. https://uic.org/ IMG/pdf/uic_rail_infrastructure_111104.pdf
  • Yue, Y., Wang, T., Liang, S., Yang, J., Hou, P., Qu, S., Zhou, J., Jia, X., Wang, H. y Xu, M. (2015): “Life cycle assessment of High Speed Rail in China”. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 41, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.10.005
  • Zembri, P. y Libourel, E. (2017): “Towards oversized high-speed rail systems? Some lessons from France and Spain”. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 368-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.414
Data source: Dialnet