Conocer el pasado del futbol para cambiar su futuro.

Laburpena

The research being carried out in the world of sport and physical activity from the motor action is becoming more prolific, even in football. The scientific support provided by the Observation Method in this field to describe the ludopráxica reality with full rigor and relevance. The work presented here continues a line of research initiated some years ago on the study of football game action in place has allowed us to search on a crucial point. The overall question that we do revolves around what extent the observations would be consistent with the observable? In the field of football and for various leagues, the alternative outcomes that are produced in the competition (when he's wining, lose or draw) in the different areas of the field or on interaction displayed by each team in each moment. That is, based on variables that deal directly or indirectly with the features of the internal logic (Parlebas, 2001) seeks to know the weight of each of them to explain the 'reality' of the action in soccer game and even predict where it goes. This study is the result of observation, coding and registration of interaction contexts developed by different teams involved in the final stages of these championships, specifically games played in the follows World Championship: France'98 (20), Japan and Corea'02 (24), Germany'06 (12) and Eurocup Portugal'04 (14). The 70 matches coded represented around 150,000 multievent sequences registered from the following variables or facets of study: 5 zones, 7 different types of score and 48 interaction contexts. In this arduous process of encoding have been used specific software applications that have greatly facilitated the observation and recording of events. They have passed strict quality controls on data, both from a qualitative and quantitative. The consensus agreement, the estimate of Cohen's Kappa and the use of generalization theory has allowed us to verify that the encrypted data are suitable and can be further generalized. Any descriptive analysis done with different variables would be meaningless if not previously know to what extent these aspects explain the variability that occurs in football. For this reason, first we conducted generalizability studies and analysis of variance components taking into account the following four aspects mentioned above: championship, score, zone and interaction contexts. The comparative study of the championships has allowed us to estimate the variance explained by this aspect, which is close to 1 %, so we think that the football game action in almost unchanged over the past eight years.