Factores psicosociales del consumo de verduras en niños escolarizados mexicanos de poblaciones urbanas y semi-urbanas
- Gerardo Ochoa-Meza 1
- Juan Carlos Sierra 2
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo 3
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina 4
- Óscar A. Esparza-Del Villar 1
- Bertha Musi-Lechuga 1
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1
Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
info
- 2 Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada
- 3 Unidad de Nutrición Comunitaria
- 4 Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Fisiología y Toxicología, Universidad de Navarra
ISSN: 2171-2069
Año de publicación: 2017
Volumen: 8
Número: 2
Páginas: 108-120
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud
Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar el poder predictivo de factores psicosociales de motivación, habilidad y oportunidad ambiental asociados al consumo de verduras, en niños escolarizados de 10 a 12 años que residen en poblaciones urbanas y semi-urbanas de seis ciudades del Estado de Chihuahua (México). Se aplicó un cuestionario validado en una muestra representativa de 1.434 niños de Educación Primaria. La frecuencia de consumo diario fue mayor en niños semi-urbanos (verduras ? 2 porciones/al día). Los factores en los análisis de regresión explicaron en población urbana y semi-urbana del 33% (p < 0.01) al 45% (p < 0.01) de la varianza en el consumo de verdura. Las preferencias, habilidades cognitivas, percepción de barreras y accesibilidad en la casa se asociaron al consumo de verduras en niños urbanos (B < 0.18, p < 0.01) y semi-urbanos (B < 0.11, p < 0.01). Se concluye que el diseño de intervenciones para fomentar el consumo deberá centrarse en incrementar las preferencias y habilidades cognitivas, en disminuir la percepción de barreras y facilitar la accesibilidad en la casa. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos sobre los factores psicosociales y la necesidad de realizar análisis de mediación en futuras investigaciones para determinar su capacidad y fuerza predictiva para el logro de intervenciones efectivas.
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