Estado de bienestar y políticas sociales en Europa

Abstract

During the seventies, the economic crisis has questioned the relevancy of the Keynesian policies of reactivation and, in front of the increase of the unemployment, the model of Welfare state restored from 1945 has been widely criticized by the neoclassic economists who were defending a politics of the offer that suppose a reduction of the wage costs and social presentations. But, the balance of the neoliberal policies is disappointing to socioeconomic level because, beside not guaranteeing a notable and constant growth, it has extended the social inequalities. If the traditional systems of protection are not adapted to the economic and social current context, a new approach of the social policies appears from the beginning of the 2000s that insists on the reorientation of the Welfare states. It is a question of intervening as soon as possible to correct the inequalities and of anticipating the situations of professional exclusion. It is a question equally to favor the gender equality in the labor market and to reorganize his careers. This strategy of social investment answers also to the requirements of strong qualification of the post-industrial economy.