Psicopatología de los adolescentes residentes en hogares funcionales que precisan hospitalización psiquiátrica

  1. A. Fernández Rivas 1
  2. A. Gatón Moreno 2
  3. E. Sesma Pardo 1
  4. I. Kerexeta Lizeaga 1
  5. A. Díaz Cosgaya 1
  6. MA González Torres 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Basurto (Bilbao)
  2. 2 Red de Salud Mental de Vizcaya
Revista:
Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil

ISSN: 2660-7271,  1130-9512

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 32

Número: 4

Páginas: 202-208

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil

Resumen

Introducción: Los adolescentes residentes en Hogares Funcionales presentan más riesgo de presentar Trastorno disocial y consumo de tóxicos. Método: Se estudió una muestra compuesta por todos los 431 adolescentes (12 y 17 años, 50,1% varones) que requirieron hospitalización en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil del Hospital Universitario Basurto a lo largo de 68 meses consecutivos. Analizamos las características diferenciadoras respecto al motivo de ingreso, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas, antecedentes psiquiátricos personales y familiares entre aquellos adolescentes ingresados que residían en hogares funcionales y los que residían con sus familias. Resultados: El motivo más frecuente de ingreso para el total de la muestra fue alteración de la conducta (60,7% para los menores residentes en hogares funcionales y 33% para los residentes con familia de origen), seguidos de descompensación psicótica (24,7%) para residentes en hogares funcionales, y trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (16,4%) para los residentes con sus familias (p<0,001). El diagnóstico psiquiátrico al alta más frecuente en ambos grupos fue trastorno psicótico (39,3% y 28,9%), siendo el trastorno disocial (37,1%) más prevalente en los adolescentes de hogares funcionales (p<0,001). Los residentes en hogares funcionales consumían más tabaco (59,6%) (p<0,001), cannabis (50,6%) (p<0,001), anfetaminas (15,7%) (p<0,01) y cocaína (14,6 %) (p<0,05), y tenían más antecedentes de tratamiento psiquiátrico previo (p<0,05) y antecedentes familiares psiquiátricos (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los adolescentes que residen en hogares funcionales y precisan una hospitalización psiquiátrica representan un grupo de población en mayor riesgo de presentar trastorno disocial, consumir tabaco, cannabis y otras sustancias y poseer más antecedentes familiares psiquiátricos.

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