Neuropsychological assessment at preschool ageAdaptation and validation of the Mccarthy scales of children’s abilities to 4 year-old basque-speaking children
- Ainara Andiarena 1
- Nekane Balluerka 1
- Arantxa Gorostiaga 1
- Jesús Ibarluzea 2
-
1
Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
info
Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
Lejona, España
-
2
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biogipuzkoa
info
ISSN: 1138-7416
Año de publicación: 2017
Volumen: 20
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology
Resumen
Early neuropsychological assessment provides important information for clinical practice and research. As previously no tool for neuropsychological assessment has been developed in or adapted to Basque, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities for 4 years old children. The adaptation and validation of the original instrument followed the methodological steps established by the International Test Commission. We examined the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument in 273 Basque preschool children (aged between 4 years and 4 months and 4 years and 11 months; 52.2% boys). Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory fit indexes except for the General Cognitive and Memory scales. Most scales presented adequate internal consistency (Reliability coefficients ranged between .55 and .81). The Basque version also showed evidence of validity based on the relationship between neuropsychological development and sex, parental education, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviours and early neurodevelopment (p < .05; effect sizes ranged between Cohen’s d = .26 and .52 and r = .15 and 39). The Basque MSCA can be regarded as a useful tool to evaluate cognitive and psychomotor development in preschool children.
Referencias bibliográficas
- AERA, APA, & NCME (2014). Standards for educational & psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
- Balluerka N., Gorostiaga A., Alonso-Arbiol I., & Haranburu M. (2007). La adaptación de instrumentos de medida de unas culturas a otras: Una perspectiva práctica [The adaptation of measurament instruments between cultures: A practical view]. Psicothema, 19, 124–133.
- Barkley R. A. (2001). The executive functions and selfregulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 11, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1023/ A:1009085417776
- Barkley R. A. (2014) (Ed.). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
- Baron I. S. (2004). Neuropsychological evaluation of the child (1st Ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Baron I. S., & Anderson P. J. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment of preschoolers. Neuropsychology Review, 22, 311–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-012-9221-2
- Bayley N. (1977). Escalas Bayley de desarrollo infantil [Bayley Scales of infant and toddler development]. Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.
- Bentler P. M. (2006). EQS 6 Structural equations program manual. Los Angeles, CA: BMDP Statistic Software.
- Bradley R. H., & Corwyn R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review Psychology, 53, 371–399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53. 100901.135233
- Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Culbertson J. L., & Gyurke K. (1990). Assessment of cognitive and motor development in infancy and childhood. Developmental Assessment in Clinical Child Psychology. Nueva York, NY: Pergamon Press.
- Eustat (2014). First language (> = 5 years of age) in the Basque Country by province and age group (%). Retrieved from Eustat Webpage http://www.eustat.eus/elementos/ ele0009500/ti_Primera_lengua___5_a%C3%B1os_por_ territorio_historico_y_grupos_de_edad_en_la_CA_de_ Euskadi_/tbl0009567_c.html#axzz4UbE93ozf
- Eustat (2014). Schooling rates in the Basque Country by age and level (%). Retrieved from Eustat Webpage http://www. eustat.eus/estadisticas/tema_300/opt_0/ti_Alumnado_ profesorado_y_centros/temas.html
- Eustat (2015). Students enrolled in non-university general education in the Basque Country by province and education level, according to centre ownership and language model Advance data 2015–16. Retrieved from Eustat Webpage http://www.eustat.eus/estadisticas/tema_300/opt_0/ ti_Alumnado_profesorado_y_centros/temas.html
- Forns J., Aranbarri A., Grellier J., Julvez J., Vrijheid M., & Sunyer J. (2012). A conceptual framework in the study of neuropsychological development in epidemiological studies. Neuroepidemiology, 38, 203–208. https://doi.org/ 10.1159/000337169
- Forns-Santacana M., & Gómez-Benito J. (1990). Factor Structure of the McCarthy Scales. Psychology in the Schools, 27, 111–115. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/1520-6807(199004)27:2%3C111::AIDPITS2310270203%3E3.0.CO;2-9
- Furman L. (2005). What is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Journal of Child Neurology, 20, 994–1002. https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738050200121301
- George D., & Mallery P. (2003). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update, 10/e. Boston, MA: Pearson Education India.
- Gómez-Benito J., & Forns-Santacana M. (1993). Modelos alternativos a la estructura dimensional de la Escala McCarhty: Un análisis factorial confirmatorio [Alternative models to the dimensional structure of the McCarthy scales: A confirmatory factor analysis]. Barcelona, Spain: PPV.
- Guxens M., Ballester F., Espada M., Fernández M. F., Grimalt J. O., Ibarluzea J., … Sunyer J. (2012). Cohort profile: The INMA–INfancia y Medio Ambiente— [Environment and Childhood] Project. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 930–940. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ije/dyr054
- Hackman D. A, Farah M. J., & Meaney M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status and the brain: Mechanistic insights from human and animal research. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 11, 651–659.
- Hambleton R. K., & Patsula L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 1–30.
- Hambleton R. K., & Zenisky A. L. (2011). Translating and adapting tests for crosscultural assessments. In D. Matsumoto & F. J. R. van de Vijver (Eds.), Cross-cultural research methods in psychology (pp. 46–74). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Heffelfinger A. K., & Koop J. I. (2009). A description of preschool neuropsychological assessment in the P.I.N.T. Clinic after the first 5 years. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(1), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040801945052
- Julvez J., Forns M., Ribas-Fitó N., Torrent M., & Sunyer J. (2011). Attention behavior and hyperactivity and concurrent neurocognitive and social competence functioning in 4-year-olds from two population-based birth cohorts. European Psychiatry, 26, 381–389. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.013
- Lenroot R. K., Gogtay N., Greenstein D. K., Wells E. M., Wallace G. L., Clasen L. S., … Giedd J. N. (2007). Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. NeuroImage, 36, 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053
- McCarthy D. (2009). MSCA. Escalas McCarthy de Aptitudes y Psicomotricidad para Niños [McCarthy Scales of Children Abilities]. Madrid, Spain: TEA ediciones.
- Osorio E., Torres-Sánchez L., Hernández M. del C., López-Carrillo L., & Schnaas L. (2010). Estimulación en el hogar y desarrollo motor en niños mexicanos de 36 meses [Stimulation at home and motor development in 36 months old mexican children]. Salud Publica de México, 52(1), 14–22.
- Ramos R., Freire C., Julvez J., Fernández M. F., García Esteban R., Torrent M., … Olea N. (2013). Association of ADHD symptoms and social competence with cognitive status in preschoolers. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00787-012-0334-1
- Spira E. G., & Fischel J. E. (2005). The impact of preschool inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on social and academic development: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 755–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1469-7610.2005.01466.x
- Semrud-Clikeman M., & Ellison P. A. T. (2009). Child neuropsychology: Assessment and interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.
- Soprano A. M. (2003). Técnicas para evaluar la memoria del niño [Techniques to evaluate memory in children]. Revista de Neurología, 37(1), 30–35.
- Spira E. G., & Fischel J. E. (2005). The impact of preschool inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on social and academic development: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 46, 755–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14697610.2005.01466.x
- Walker S. P., Wachs T. D., Grantham-McGregor S., Black M. M., Nelson C. A., Huffman S. L., … Richter L. (2011). Inequality in early childhood: Risk and protective factors for early child development. Lancet, 378, 1325–1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2
- White R. F., Campbell R., Echeverria D., Knox S. S., & Janulewicz P. (2009). Assessment of neuropsychological trajectories in longitudinal population-based studies of children. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.071530