La transmisión de los valores y prácticas organizacionales cooperativas en las filiales extranjerasel caso de la cooperativa multinacional Fagor Ederlan

  1. Bretos, Ignacio 1
  2. Errasti, Anjel 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Zaragoza, España .
  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco, España
Revista:
REVESCO: revista de estudios cooperativos

ISSN: 1135-6618

Año de publicación: 2018

Número: 127

Páginas: 45-69

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/REVE.58395 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: REVESCO: revista de estudios cooperativos

Resumen

In today's global economy, cooperatives are being forced to grow internationally through foreign direct investment strategies so as to remain competitive and survive in markets. Drawing on a qualitative study of Fagor Ederlan, one of the largest multinational cooperatives of the Mondragon Group, this article examines the contradictions posed by internationalization in cooperatives, as well as the tensions and opportunities they face to replicate the cooperative model’s idiosyncratic practices in foreign subsidiaries. The case study is based on the analysis of several internal documents provided by the company and 23 in-depth interviews carried out in the domestic and international plants with staff from different organizational areas and hierarchical ranks. The findings suggest that internationalization can trigger degenerative tendencies in cooperatives, which primarily affect the participation of workers in the company. Moreover, they reveal the influence of institutional barriers, as well as of factors related to the strategic role of subsidiaries and power relationships between headquarters and subsidiaries, that hamper the transformation of foreign subsidiaries into cooperatives. The article also discusses some essential aspects to make progress in the implementation of policies that bring the management model in such subsidiaries closer to the cooperative principles and values.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aguzzoli, R., y Geary, J. (2014) An ‘emerging challenge’: The employment practices of a Brazilian multinational company in Canada. Human Relations, Nº 67, pp. 587-609.
  • Andersson, U. y Holm, U. (2010) Managing the contemporary multinational. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Andrade, A.D. (2009) Interpretive Research Aiming at Theory Building: Adopting and Adapting the Case Study Design. The Qualitative Report, Nº 14, Vol. 1, pp. 42-60.
  • Arzadun, P. (2015) Globalización del proostebceso productivo establecido y su impacto socioeconómico: el caso de Orkli S. Coop. en China. Ciriec-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, Nº 83, pp. 169-199.
  • Atzeni, M. y Ghigliani, P. (2007) Labour process and decision-making in factories under workers’ self-management: empirical evidence from Argentina. Work, Employment and Society, Nº 21, Vol. 4, pp. 653-71.
  • Azkarraga, J., Cheney, G. y Udaondo, A. (2012) Workers Participation in a Globalized Market: Reflections on and from Mondragon. En: ATZENI, M. Alternative Work Organisations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 76–102.
  • Bakaikoa, B., Errasti, A. y Begiristain, A. (2004) Gobierno y Democracia en los Grupos Empresariales Cooperativos ante la Globalización. El caso de Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa. Ciriec-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, Nº 48, pp. 53-77.
  • Bakaikoa, B., Etxezarreta, E. y Morandeira, J. (2013) Regeneración de Empresas de la Economía Social: Un reto en el País Vasco. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, Nº 112, pp. 151-175. DOI: 10.5209/rev_REVE.2013.v112.43064.
  • Baxter, P. y Jack, S. (2008) Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, Nº 13, Vol. 4, pp. 544–559.
  • Bretos, I. y Errasti, A. (2016) Dinámicas de regeneración en las cooperativas multinacionales de Mondragón: la reproducción del modelo cooperativo en las filiales capitalistas. Ciriec-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, Nº 86, pp. 5-34.
  • Bretos, I. y Errasti, A. (2017) Challenges and Opportunities for the Regeneration of Multinational Worker Cooperatives: Lessons from the Mondragon Corporation—A Case Study of the Fagor Ederlan Group. Organization, Nº 24, Vol. 2, pp. 154–173.
  • Bretos, I. y Marcuello, C. (2017) Revisiting Globalization Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Cooperatives, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Nº 88, Vol. 1, pp. 47–73.
  • Cathcart, A. (2013) Directing democracy: Competing interests and contested terrain in the John Lewis Partnership. Journal of Industrial Relations, Nº 55, pp. 601-620.
  • Cheney, G. (2002) Values at Work. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Cheney, G., Cruz, I., Peredo, A.M. y Nazareno, E. (2014) Worker cooperatives as an organizational alternative: Challenges, achievements and promise in business governance and ownership. Organization, Nº 21, pp. 591-603.
  • Clamp, C. (2000) The Internationalization of Mondragon. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Nº 71, pp. 557-577.
  • Clark, K., y Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2012) MNC practice transfer: Institutional theory, strategic opportunities and subsidiary HR configuration. International Journal of Human Resource Management, Nº 23, Vol. 18, pp. 3813–3837.
  • Dörrenbächer, C. y Geppert, M. (2011) Politics and power in the multinational corporation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Eisenhardt, K.M. y Graebner, M.E. (2007) Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, Nº 50, pp. 25-32.
  • Elortza, N., Alzola, I. y Lopez, U. (2012) La gestión de la crisis en la Corporación Mondragón. Ekonomiaz, Nº 79, pp. 59–82.
  • Errasti, A. (2013) Tensiones y oportunidades en las multinacionales coopitalistas de Mondragón: el caso Fagor Electrodomésticos, Sdad. Coop. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, Nº 113, pp. 30-60. DOI: 10.5209/rev_REVE.2014.v113.43385.
  • Errasti, A. (2015) Mondragon´s Chinese Subsidiaries: Coopitalist Multinationals in Practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, Nº 36, pp. 479-499.
  • Errasti, A., Bretos, I. y Etxezarreta, E. (2016) What do Mondragon Coopitalist Multinationals Look Like? The Rise and Fall of Fagor Electrodomésticos S. Coop. and its European Subsidiaries. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Nº 87, pp. 433–456.
  • Errasti, A., Bretos, I. y Nunez, A. (2017) The Viability of Cooperatives: The Fall of the Mondragon Cooperative Fagor. Review of Radical Political Economics, Nº 49, Vol. 2, pp. 181-197.
  • Errasti, A., Heras, I., Bakaikoa, B. y Elgoibar, P. (2003) The Internationalization of Co-operatives: the Case of the Mondragon Co-operative Corporation. Annals of Public and Co-operative Economics, Nº 74, pp. 553-584.
  • FAGOR EDERLAN (2009) Sustainability Report, 2008. Eskoriatza: Fagor Ederlan.
  • FAGOR EDERLAN (2016) Annual Report, 2015. Eskoriatza: Fagor Ederlan.
  • Ferner, A., Almond, P. y Colling, T. (2005) Institutional theory and the cross-national transfer of employment policy: The case of ‘workforce diversity’ in US multinationals. Journal of International Business Studies, Nº 36, pp. 304–321.
  • Ferner, A., Edwards, T. y Tempel, A. (2012) Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals. Human Relations, Nº 65, pp. 163–87.
  • Flecha, R. y Ngai, P. (2014) The challenge for Mondragon: Searching for the co-operative values in times of internationalization. Organization, Nº 21, pp. 666-82.
  • Flecha, R. y Soler, M. (2014) Communicative Methodology: Successful Actions and Dialogic Democracy. Current Sociology, Nº 62, pp. 232-242.
  • Forcadell, F.J. (2005) Democracy, Cooperation and Business Success: The Case of Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa. Journal of Business Ethics, Nº 56, pp. 255-274.
  • Gephart, R. (2004) Qualitative Research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, Nº 47, pp. 454-462.
  • Heras, I. (2014) The Ties that Bind? Exploring the Basic principles of Worker-Owned Organizations in Practice. Organization, Nº 21, pp. 645-665.
  • Holm, U., Malmberg, A. y Solvell, O. (2003) Subsidiary Impact on Host-Country Economies: the Case of Foreign-Owned Subsidiaries Attracting Investment into Sweden. Journal of Economic Geography, Nº 3, pp. 389-408.
  • Hsieh, H.F. y Shannon, S. (2005) Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, Nº 15, pp. 1277–1288.
  • Kostova, T. (1999). Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective. Academy of Management Review, Nº 24, pp. 308-24.
  • Kostova, T. y Roth, K. (2002) Adoption of an organizational practice by subsidiaries of multinational corporations: Institutional and relational effects. Academy of Management Journal, Nº 45, pp. 215–233.
  • Kostova, T., Roth, K. y Dacin, M.T. (2008) Institutional theory in the study of multinational corporations: A critique and new directions. Academy of Management Review, Nº 33, Vol. 4, pp. 994-1006.
  • Luzarraga, J.M. (2008) Mondragon Multi-Localisation Strategy: Innovating a Human Centred Globalisation. Tesis doctoral, Mondragon Unibertsitatea.
  • Luzarraga, J.M. y IRIZAR, I. (2012) La Estrategia de Multilocalización Internacional de la Corporación Mondragón. Ekonomiaz, Nº 79, pp. 114-145.
  • Luzarraga, J., Aranzadi, D. e Irizar, I. (2007) Understanding Mondragon globalization process: local job creation through multi-localization. 1st CIRIEC International Research Conference on the Social Economy. Victoria, Canadá, 22-25 de octubre de 2007.
  • Macleod, G. y Reed, D. (2009) Mondragon’s Response to the Challenges of Globalization: a Multi-localization Strategy. En: REED, D. y MCMURTRY, J. Co-operatives in a Global Economy. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Mcmurtry, J. y Reed, D. (2009) Co-operatives in a Global Economy. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • MONDRAGÓN (2016) Annual Report 2015. Eskoriatza: Corporación Mondragón.
  • Morrison, E.W. y Milliken, F.J. (2000) Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, Nº 25, pp. 706-725.
  • Narvaiza, L., Aragón Amonarriz, C., Iturrioz Landart, C., Bayle Cordier, J., y Stervinou, S. (2017) Cooperative Dynamics during the Financial Crisis: Evidence From Basque and Breton Case Studies. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Nº 46, Vol. 3, pp. 505-524.
  • Novkovic S. y Sena V. (2007) Co-operative firms in global markets. Oxford: JAI.
  • Paranque, B. y Willmott, H. (2014) Cooperatives—saviours or gravediggers of capitalism? Critical performativity and the John Lewis Partnership. Organization, Nº 21, pp. 604-625.
  • Parker, M., Cheney, G., Fournier, V. y Land, C. (2014) The Routledge Companion to Alternative Organization. London: Routledge.
  • Perlmutter, H. (1969) The tortuous evolution of the multinational enterprise. Columbia Journal of World Business, Nº 4, pp. 9–18.
  • Quintanilla, J., Susaeta, L., y Sánchez-Mangas, R. (2008) The Diffusion of Employment Practices in Multinationals: ‘Americaness’ within US MNCs in Spain? Journal of Industrial Relations, Nº 50, pp. 680-696.
  • Radrigán, M. y Barría, C. (2007) El rol de las cooperativas en un mundo globalizado. Quebec: Irecus.
  • Rosenzweig, P.M. y Nohria, N. (1994) Influences on human resource management practices in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, Nº 25, pp. 229-51.
  • Sarria-Icaza, A.M. (2008) Economía solidaria, acción colectiva y espacio público en el sur de Brasil. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.
  • Scott, W.R. (1995) Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Siebel, S. (2016). Cooperative economies in a global age. Tesis doctoral, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Spear, R. (2004) Governance in democratic member-based organizations. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Nº 75, pp. 33–60.
  • Stake, R.E. (2005) Qualitative case studies. En: Denzin, N.K. y Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp. 443-466. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Taylor, S. (2007) Creating social capital in MNCs: The international human resource management challenge. Human Resource Management Journal, Nº 17, pp. 336–54.
  • Varman, R. y Chakrabarti, M. (2004) Contradictions of Democracy in a Workers’ Cooperative. Organization Studies, Nº 25, Vol. 2, pp. 183–208.
  • Villarreal-Larrinaga, O. (2017) Is it desirable, necessary and possible to perform research using case studies? Cuadernos de Gestión, Nº 17, Vol. 1, pp. 147-172.
  • Welch, C., Piekkari, R., Plakoyiannaki, E., y Paavilainen-Mäntymäki, E. (2011) Theorising from case studies: Towards a pluralist future for international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, Nº 42, Vol. 5, pp. 740–762.
  • Xiaowen, T. (2007) Managing International Business in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yin, R.K. (2013) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London: Sage Publications.