Google, Apple, Facebook y Amazon. Emergencia de los GAFA y cambios en el sistema comunicativo global

  1. Juan Carlos Miguel de Bustos
  2. Miguel Angel Casado del Río
Journal:
Telos: Cuadernos de comunicación e innovación

ISSN: 0213-084X

Year of publication: 2016

Issue Title: El futuro del Libro en la era digital

Issue: 104

Pages: 38-48

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Telos: Cuadernos de comunicación e innovación

Abstract

Here we can find the results of a study on the so-called GAFA (Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple), necessary gateways and platforms which are directing the traffic towards specific contents, compared with communication groups. One of the differences between them lies in their models of remuneration, as well as in the treatment and exploitation made by the Big Data.

Bibliographic References

  • Anthony, S. (2015, 10 de junio). What the Media Industry Can Teach Us About Digital Business Models. Harvard Business Review [en línea]. Disponible en: https://hbr.org/2015/06/what-the-media-industry-can-teach-us-about-digital-business-models
  • Baumol, W. J. et al. (1982). Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. Nueva York, etc.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Castells, M. (2013). Communication power. OUP: Oxford.
  • Chatterjee, S. (1986). Types of synergy and economic value: The impact of acquisitions on merging and rival fi rms. Strategic Management Journal, 7(2), 119-139.
  • Chibber, K. (2014, 1 de diciembre). American cultural imperialism has a new name: GAFA. Quartz [en línea]. Disponible en: http://qz.com/303947/us-cultural-imperialism-has-a-new-name-gafa/
  • Compaine, B. M., & Gomery, D. (2000). Who owns the media?: competition and concentration in the mass media industry. London: Routledge.
  • Ducourtieux, C. (2012, 20 de diciembre). La France esquisse des pistes pour faire payer plus d’impôts aux géants du Web. Le Monde [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2012/12/20/la-france-esquisse-des-pistes-pourfaire-payer-plus-d-impots-aux-geants-du-web_1808875_3234.html?xtmc=gafa&xtcr=64
  • Eisenmann, T., Parker, G. y Van Alstyne, M. W. (2006). Strategies for two-sided markets. Harvard Business Review, 84(10), 92.
  • Elmer-DeWitt, P. (2009, 29 de octubre). NBC’s Zucker: Apple Turned Dollars into Pennies. Fortune [en línea]. Disponible en: http://fortune.com/2007/10/29/nbcs-zucker-apple-turned-dollars-intopennies/
  • European Commission (2014, 28 de mayo). Commission Expert Group on Taxation of the Digital Economy, Report. Bruselas: Comisión Europea.
  • Evans, P. y Forth, P. (2015). Borges' Map. Navigating a World of Digital Disruption [en línea]. The Boston Consulting Group. Disponible en: http://digitaldisrupt.bcgperspectives.com/?utm_source=201505BORGES&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=Ealert
  • Forbes (2014, 18 de septiembre). Big Data: media’s Blocbuster Business Tool. Forbes [en línea]. Disponible en: http:/www.forbes.com
  • Gómez-Uranga, M., Miguel, J. C. y Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M. (2014). Epigenetic Economic Dynamics: The evolution of big internet business ecosystems, evidence for patents. Technovation, 34(3), 177-189.
  • Greg (2010, 10 de marzo). How Traditional Media Can Successfully Make the Transition to Digital. DigitalTonto: Media, Marketing and Technology… [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.digital-tonto.com/2010/how-traditional-media-can-make-the-transition-to-digital-successfully/
  • Lafayette, J. (2015, 22 de septiembre). Big Share of Pay-TV Subs Looking to Change. B&C, Broadcasting & Cable: The Business of Television [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/currency/big-share-pay-tv-subs-looking-change/144387
  • Lawler, R. (2010, 6 de octubre). Time Warner Clinging to a Dying Business Model. Gigaom [en línea]. Disponible en: https://gigaom.com/2010/10/06/time-warner-desperately-clinging-to-adying-business-model/
  • Madrigal, A. C. (2014, 2 de junio). How Netfl ix Reverse Engineered Hollywood. The Atlantic [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.theatlantic.com
  • Miguel, J. C. y Casado, M. A. (2016). GAFAnomy (Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple): The Big Four and the b-ecosystem. En M. Gómez-Uranga, J. M. Zabala-Iturriagagoitia y J. Barrutia, Dynamics of Big Internet Industry Groups and Future Trends: A View from Epigenetic Economics. Springer [en prensa].
  • Morgan, D. (2015, 17 de septiembre). Digital and Data’s Relentless Transformation of Media Industry Continues, mediapost. Mediapost [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.mediapost.com
  • Perrot, A. (2011). Le numérique: Enjeux des questions de concurrence. Culture-médias & numerique: nouvelles questions de concurrence(s), Concurrences, 3.
  • Rébillard, F. y Smyrnaios, N. (2010). Les infomédiaires, au cœur de la filière de l'information en ligne. Réseaux, (2), 163-194.
  • Roberts, J. J. (2015, 10 de agosto). Google shares jump 5% on bombshell CEO and restructuring news. Fortune.com [en línea]. Disponible en: http://fortune.com
  • Robinson, J. (2011, 21 de agosto). ‘Google needs television industry’ will be message at Edinburgh. The Guardian [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/aug/21/google-needs-television-industry-edinburgh
  • Rysman, M. (2009). The economics of two-sided markets. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), 125-143.
  • Simon, P. (2011). The age of the platform: How Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google have redefi ned business. BookBaby.
  • Travlos, D. (2013, 26 de febrero). Importance of Being a Platform (Apple, LinkedIn, Amazon, eBay, Google, Facebook). Forbes [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.forbes.com/sites/darcytravlos/2013/02/26/importance-of-being-a-platform-apple-linkedin-amazon-ebay-google-facebook/
  • Urbain, T. (2015, 2 de octubre). Informer, le nouvel enjeu des géants d’internet [en línea]. Disponible en : http://www.msn.com/fr-ca/actualites/science-et-techno/informer-le-nouvel-enjeu-desg%C3%A9ants-dinternet/ar-AAf1gMg
  • Veitch, M. (2016, 2 de febrero). Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple: Who will be the big GAFA? IDGConnect [en línea]. Disponible en: http://www.idgconnect.com/blog-abstract/12442/google-amazon-facebook-apple-who-gafa
Data source: Dialnet