The Public Sphere and Normalization of Minority Languages. An Analysis of Basque Television in Light of Other Experiences in Europe

  1. Amezaga, Josú 1
  2. Arana, Edorta 1
  3. Narbaiza, Bea 1
  4. Azpillaga, Patxi 1
  1. 1 NOR Research Group. University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
Revista:
Trípodos

ISSN: 1138-3305,  2340-5007

Año de publicación: 2013

Título del ejemplar: Nous temes, mètodes i teories en la investigación de les polítiques culturals i de comunicación a Espanya

Número: 32

Páginas: 93-112

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Trípodos

Resumen

Television channels in minority languagesare frequently the only televisionchannels specifically targeting the wholepopulation of the territory in whichthat language survives. This meansthat they can be seen not only as toolsfor linguistic normalization, but alsoas means for the building of a publicsphere open to the whole population.In cases where the linguistic communityis a minority within the whole population,the problem of how to deal withthe building of the public sphere in alanguage that is spoken by only a partof the population may arise. An analysisof the cases of Scotland, Wales and Finlandshows us that minority languagetelevision can develop strategies thatwill enable them to be accessible tothe whole territorial community. In thecase of the Basque Country, however,the approach has been a dual modelaccording to which broadcasting in theminority language is used to fulfill linguisticgoals, and broadcasting in the mainstream language is used for thebuilding of the public sphere. As a result,the model is certainly damagingfor the minority language, since it iscondemned to a situation of diglossia.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Amezaga, J. (2011). “Media Globalization and the Debate on Multiculturality”. In P. Pachura (ed.). The Systemic Dimension of Globali­zation. InTech. Available from: <http://www.intechopen.com/books/the-systemic-dimension-of-globalization/media-globalization-and-the-debate-on-multiculturality>.
  • Amezaga, J. & Arana, E. (2012). “Minority Language Television in Europe: Commonalities and Differences between Regional Minority Languages and Immigrant Minority Languages”. Zer: Revista de estudios de comuni­cación = Komunikazio ikasketen aldizkaria. (32), p. 89-106.
  • Amezaga, J. & Berriozabal, M. (2012). “The Role of Media in the Linguistic Integration of Basque New Speakers”. Presented at: New Speakers of Minority Languages: a Dialogue, Celtic and Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh. Available from: <http://prezi.com/6vmpuxbm0hsm/basque-new-speakers-and-media/>.
  • Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communi­ties: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Na­tionalism. London: Verso.
  • Arana, E.; Amezaga, J. & Azpillaga, P. (2006). The Basque Language Media. Aberystwyth: Mercator Media. Available from: <http://www.ehu.es/euskara-orria2/euskara/mas.asp?num=289>.
  • Basque Parliament. (1993). EITBri buruzko Txostenarekiko Erizpena (Committee Report).
  • BBC–Scotland. (2012). Management Re­view 2011/12. Available from: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/management_review_2011_2012.shtml>.
  • BBC Trust. (2012) BBC Alba Service Licen­se. BBC ­ BBC Trust. Available from: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/our_work/services/television/service_licences/bbc_alba.html>.
  • Castells, M. (1997). The power of identity. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell.
  • CIES (2011). Estudio de audiencia de medios. Acumulado 2011. Iruñea/Pamplona: CIES.
  • Cormack, M. (1998). “Minority Language Media in Western Europe”. European Journal of Communication. 13 (1), p. 33-52.
  • Cormack, M. (2005). “Broadcasting in Irish: Minority, Language, Radio, Television and Identity”. Media, Culture & Society, 27(1), p. 149-150.
  • Cormack, M. & Hourigan, N. (eds.) (2007). Minority Language Media. Concepts, Critiques and Case Studies. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Limited.
  • Curran, J. (1991). “Rethinking the Media as a Public Sphere”. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (eds.). Communication and Citizenship. London: Routledge, p. 27-57.
  • Department of Culture (1992). Euskal Tele­bista. Informe. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Eusko Jaurlaritza-Gobierno Vasco.
  • Díez Urrestarazu, R. (2003). ETB: el inicio de una nueva era. Durango: EITB.
  • Euromosaic. (2004). Euromosaic III. Euro-pean Commission. Available from: <http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/languages-of-europe/doc145_en.htm>.
  • EUSTAT. (2006). Population and Hou­sing Census 2006. Available from: <http://eu.eustat.es>.
  • Ferguson, C.A. (1959). “Diglossia”. Word, 15, p. 325-340.
  • General Register Office for Scotland (2005). Scotland’s Census 2001 ­ Gaelic Report. General Register Office for Scotland. Available from: <http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html>.
  • Gestrin, M. (2009). YLE - FST, Director, Personal Interview.
  • Gifreu, J. (1989). Comunicació i reconstruc­ció nacional. Barcelona: Pòrtic.
  • Habermas, J. (1962). The Structural Trans­formation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Jones, E.H.G. (2009). Director of Mercator, Personal Interview.
  • Moragas, M.; Garitaonandia, C. & López, B. (1999). Televisión de proximidad en Europa: experiencias de descentralización en la era digital. València: Universitat de València.
  • Murray, M.M. (2009). Head of Gaelic Digi-tal Service, BBC Scotland, Personal Interview.
  • Office for National Statistics. (2004). Census 2001­Report on the Welsh Language. Available from: <http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-report-on-the-welsh-language/report-on-the-welsh-language/index.html>.
  • S4C. (2011). Annual Report & Statement of Accounts 2011. Wales. Available from: <http://www.s4c.co.uk/abouts4c/authority/e_annualreports.shtml>.
  • Schlesinger, P. (1991). Media, State and Na­tion. London: SAGE.
  • Sinclair, J.; Jacka, E. & Cunningham, S. (1996). New Patterns in Global Television: Peripheral Vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Soziolinguistika Klusterra. (2012). The Arrue Project. Diagnostic Evaluation 2012: Sta­tistics of Pupils’ Language Use. Available from: <http://www.soziolinguistika.org/jardunaldia/oinarrizko-txostena>.
  • Thomas, L. (2008). “BBC launches con-troversial £21m Gaelic channel - costing £365 per native speaker”. Mail Online, 14th August. Available from: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1044595/BBC-launches-controver sial-21m-Gaelic-channel--costing-365-native-speaker.html>.
  • Torrealdai, J.M. (1985). Euskal Telebista eta euskara. Donostia: Elkar.
  • YLE. (2012a). Annual Report 2011. Available from: <http://yle.fi/yleisradio/about-yle/annual-report>.
  • YLE. (2012b). Financial Statements 2011. Avai-lable from: <http://yle.fi/yleisradio/about-yle/annual-report>.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet