Spanish version of the Link’s Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination scale

  1. Francisco Martínez-Zambrano 1
  2. Marcelo Pizzimenti 1
  3. Sara Barbeito 2
  4. Regina Vila-Badia 1
  5. Gloria Comellas 1
  6. María José Escandell 1
  7. María José Hernández 1
  8. Blanca Fernández-de Corres 2
  9. Ana González-Pinto 2
  10. María Purificación López-Peña 2
  11. Mónica Martínez 1
  12. Marta Puig 1
  13. Judith Quilis 1
  14. Patricia Vega 2
  15. Susana Ochoa 1
  1. 1 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi (España)
  2. 2 Hospital Santiago Apostol
    info

    Hospital Santiago Apostol

    Vitoria, España

    ROR https://ror.org/023pqj155

Journal:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Year of publication: 2016

Volume: 28

Issue: 2

Pages: 201-206

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Psicothema

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to translate, adapt and validate the “Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale” (PDD) in Spanish in a sample of people with schizophrenia. Method: A total of 130 people between 18 and 65 years and with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-R criteria from Barcelona and Vitoria were included. The patients were assessed with the translated version of the PDD, the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and the Self-perception of Stigma Questionnaire for people with schizophrenia (SSQ). Results: The questionnaire scored a Cronbach’s a of .868 regarding its internal consistency reliability. Two components were found in the factorial analysis explaining 40% of the variance of the instrument (component 1 associated with individual self-perception and component 2 refers more to social stigma). The stability of the instrument measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient on both occasions oscillated between .415 and .806. Significant correlations were found with SSQ and SFS. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the PDD seems a good instrument for the assessment of self stigma.

Bibliographic References

  • Barbato, A. (2000). Consequences of schizophrenia: A public health perspective (1st ed). New York: W.A.P.R. Bulletin 6-7.
  • Birchwood, M., Smith, J., Cochrane, R., Wetton, S., & Copestake, S. (1990). The Social Functioning Scale. The development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment programmes with schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 853-859.
  • Brohan, E., Elgie, R., Sartorius, N., Thornicroft, G., & Gamian-Europe Study Group (2010). Self-stigma, empowerment and perceived discrimination among people with schizophrenia in 14 European countries: The GAMIAN-Europe study. Schizophenia Research, 122(1-3), 232-238.
  • Brohan, E., Slade, M., Clement, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2010). Experiences of mental illness stigma, prejudice and discrimination: A review of measures. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 80-87.
  • Byrne, P. (2001). Psychiatric stigma. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 281-284.
  • Caltaux, D. (2003). Internalized stigma: a barrier to employment for people with mental illness. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 10, 539-543.
  • Caqueo-Urízar A., & Lemos, S. (2008) Calidad de vida y funcionamiento familiar de pacientes con esquizofrenia en una comunidad latinoamericana [Quality of life and family functioning in schizophrenia patients]. Psicothema, 20(4), 577-582.
  • Caqueo-Urízar, A., Miranda-Castillo, C., Lemos, G.S., Lee, M.S., Ramírez, P.M., & Mascayano T.F. (2014). An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Psicothema, 26(2), 235-243.
  • Crisp, A.H., Gelder, M.G., Rix, S., Meltzer, M.I., & Rowlands, O.J. (2000). Stigmatization of people with mental illnesses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 4-7.
  • Dickerson, F.B., Sommerville, J., Origoni, A.E., Ringel, N.B., & Parente, F. (2002). Experiences of stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 28(1), 143-155.
  • Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Fleiss, J.L., & Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
  • Finzen, A., & Hottman-Richter, U. (1997). Stigma and quality of life in mental disorders. In H. Katsching, H. Freeman, N. Sartorius, Eds. Quality of Life in Mental Disorders. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Granerud, A., & Severinsson, E. (2006). The struggle for social integration in the community-the experiences of people with mental health problems. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 13(3), 288-293.
  • Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., Caqueo-Urizar, A., Ferrer-García, M., & Fernández-Dávila P. (2012) Infl uencia de la percepción de apoyo y del funcionamiento social en la calidad de vida de pacientes con esquizofrenia y sus cuidadores [Infl uence of perceived social support and functioning on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers]. Psicothema, 24(2), 255-262.
  • Haghighat, R. (2001). A unitary theory of stigmatization: Pursuit of selfinterest and routes of destigmatization. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 207-215.
  • Haro, J.M., Kamath, S.A., Ochoa, S., Novick, D., Rele, K., Fargas, A., & Jones, P.B; SOHO Study Group (2003). The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale: A simple instrument to measure the diversity of symptoms present in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, 416, 16-23.
  • LeBel, T. (2008). Perceptions of and responses to stigma. Sociology Compass, 2, 409-432.
  • Leff, J., & Warner, R. (2006). Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illness. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • Link, B.G. (1987). Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: An assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection. American Sociological Review, 52(1), 96-112.
  • Link, B., Cullen, F., Struening, E., Shrout, P., & Dohrenwend, B.P. (1989). A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. American Sociological Review, 54, 400-423.
  • Link, B.G., Struening, E.L., Neese-Todd, S., Asmussen, S., & Phelan, J.C. (2002). On describing and seeking to change the experience of stigma. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 6(2), 201-231.
  • Link, B.G., Yang, H.L., Phelan, J.C., & Collins, P.Y. (2004). Measuring mental illness stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(3), 511-538.
  • Livingston, P.H., & Boyd, J.E. (2010). Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 2150-2161.
  • Lysaker, P.H., Roe, D., & Yanos, P.T. (2007). Toward understanding the insight paradox: Internalized stigma moderates the association between insight and social functioning, hope, and self-esteem among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(1), 192-199.
  • Ochoa, S., Martínez, F., Ribas, M., García-Franco, M., López, E., Villellas, R., & Haro, J.M. (2001). Estudio cualitativo sobre la autopercepción del estigma social en personas con esquizofrenia [Qualitative study about the self perception of social stigma in people with schizophrenia]. Revista Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 31(111), 467-486.
  • Quinn, N., Shulman, A., Knifton, L., & Byrne, P. (2011). The impact of a national mental health arts and film festival on stigma and recovery. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123, 71-81.
  • Sartorius, N., & Schulze, H. (2006). Reducing the stigma of mental illness. A report from a global programme of the World Psychiatric Association. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Switaj, P., Wciórka, J., Smolarska-Switaj, J., & Grygiel, P. (2009). Extent and predictors of stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 24(8), 513-520.
  • Torrey, E.F. (2011). Stigma and violence: Isn’t it time to connect the dots? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(5), 892-896.
Data source: Dialnet