Pathological gamblers and a non-psychiatric control group taking gender differences into account

  1. Echeburúa Odriozola, Enrique 1
  2. González Ortega, Itxaso 2
  3. Corral Gargallo, Paz de 1
  4. Polo López, Rocío 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

  2. 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Menta
Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2013

Número: 16

Páginas: 1-9

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2013.2 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

The current study aimed to identify personality traits, emotional states and adjustment variables in a sample of pathological gamblers as compared to a non-gambling control group taking gender differences into account. The sample for this study consisted of 206 subjects (103 pathological gamblers and 103 non-psychiatric subjects from the general population matched for age and gender). Pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. In turn, female gamblers were affected by unemployment and a lower socioeconomic status more often than female non-gamblers. Pathological gamblers were more anxious and impulsive and suffered from a poorer self-esteem than non-gamblers. Likewise, pathological gamblers had a greater history of other Axis I psychiatric disorders and were more often affected by anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a more problematic adjustment to everyday life than non-gamblers. Alcohol abuse was not higher in pathological gamblers than in non-gamblers, but, when gender was taken into account, male gamblers were more affected by alcohol abuse than male non-gamblers. Importantly 68.6% of female gamblers versus 9.8% of control group women reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These findings can be used to specifically inform prevention and intervention efforts.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Affi T. O., Bronridge D. A., MacMillan H., & Sareen J. (2010). The relation of gambling to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 331-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.07.010
  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed. Rev.), Washington, DC: APA.
  • Barratt E. S. (1994). Impulsiveness and aggression. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Development in risk assessment (pp. 61-79). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Beck A. T., Steer R. A., & Brown G. K. (1996). BDI-II. Beck Depression Inventory-2nd Ed. manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Blanco C., Hasin D. S., Petry N., Stinson F. S., & Grant B. F. (2006). Sex differences in subclinical and DSM-IV pathological gambling: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Psychological Medicine, 36, 943-953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706007410 (Pubitemid 43827366)
  • Blaszczynski A., Steel Z., & McConaghy N. (1997). Impulsivity in pathological gambling: The antisocial impulsivist. Addiction, 92, 75-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03639.x (Pubitemid 27105400)
  • Calvete E., Corral S., & Estévez A. (2007). Factor structure and validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale for Spanish women. Violence Against Women, 13, 1072-1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801207305933
  • Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Desai R. A., Maciejewski P. K., Pantalon M. V., & Potenza M. N. (2006). Gender differences among recreational gamblers: Association with the frequency of alcohol use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 145-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.20.2.145 (Pubitemid 44060344)
  • Desai R. A., & Potenza M. N. (2008). Gender differences in the associations between past-year gambling problems and psychiatric disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 173-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0283-z
  • Dowling N., Smith D., & Thomas T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2192-2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat. 2006.11.003 (Pubitemid 47210943)
  • Echeburúa E., Corral P., & Amor P.J. (2002). Evaluación del daño psicológico en las víctimas de delitos violentos. [Evaluation of psychological harm in the victims of violent crime]. Psicothema, 14 (Supl.), 139-146.
  • Echeburúa E., Corral P., & Fernández-Montalvo J. (2000). Escala de Inadaptación: Propiedades psicométricas en contextos clínicos [Misadjustment Scale: Psychometric properties in a clinical context]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 26, 325-340.
  • Echeburúa E., & Fernández-Montalvo J. (2005). Psychological treatment of slot-machine pathological gambling: New perspectives. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21, 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-004- 1918-6 (Pubitemid 40568882)
  • Echeburúa E., & Fernández-Montalvo J. (2008). Are there more personality disorders in treatment-seekers pathological gamblers than in other kind of patients? A comparative study between the IPDE and the MCMI. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 53-64.
  • Echeburúa E., Fernández-Montalvo J., & Báez C. (2001). Predictors of therapeutic failure in slot-machine pathological gamblers following behavioural treatment. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 379-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465801003113 (Pubitemid 32666768)
  • Echeburúa E., González-Ortega I., Corral P., & Polo-López R. (2011). Clinical gender differences among adult pathological gamblers seeking treatment: An exploratory study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 215-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9205-1
  • Echeburúa E., Sarasua B., Zubizarreta I., & Corral P. (2009). Evaluación de la eficacia de un tratamiento cognitivoconductual para hombres violentos contra la pareja en un marco comunitario: Una experiencia de 10 años (1997-2007) [Effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral programme in the treatment of male batterers in a community setting: A review of ten years (1997-2007)]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9, 199-217.
  • Echeburúa E., Sarasua B., Zubizarreta I., Amor P. J., & Corral P. (2010). Variables predictoras del rechazo, abandono y fracaso terapéutico en hombres violentos contra su pareja tratados psicológicamente en un marco comunitario [Predictors of refusal, dropout and therapeutic failure among men attending a community batterer treatment program]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10, 403-420.
  • Fernández-Montalvo J., & Echeburúa E. (1997). Manual práctico del juego patológico. Ayuda para el paciente y guía para el terapeuta [Practical handbook for the treatment of pathological gambling. A guide for the patient and the therapist]. Madrid, Spain: Pirámide.
  • Fernández-Montalvo J., & Echeburúa E. (2004). Pathological gambling and personality disorders: An exploratory study with the IPDE. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 500-505. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1521%2Fpedi.18.5.500.51326 (Pubitemid 39518510)
  • First M. B., Spitzer R. L., Gibbon M., & Williams J. B. W. (1997). User's guide for the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • González-Ortega I., Echeburúa E., Corral P., Polo-López R., & Alberich S. (2013). Predictors of pathological gambling severity taking gender differences into account. European Addiction Research, 19, 146-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000342311
  • Granero R., Penelo E., Martínez-Giménez R., Álvarez-Moya E., Gómez-Peña M., Aymamí M. N., Jiménez-Murcia S. (2009). Sex differences among treatmentseeking adult pathologic gamblers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50, 173-180. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.07.005
  • Grant J. E., Steinberg M. A., Kim S. W., Rounsaville B. J., & Potenza M. N. (2004). Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling. Psychiatry Research, 128, 79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.05.006 (Pubitemid 39265485)
  • Ibáñez A., Blanco C., Donahue E., Lesieur H. R., Pérez de Castro I., & Fernández-Piqueras J. (2001). Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gamblers seeking treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1733-1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158. 10.1733 (Pubitemid 32923674)
  • Instituto de la Mujer (2006). La violencia contra las mujeres. Resultados de la macroencuesta [Violence against women: Results from a big survey]. Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales.
  • Kaare P. R., Mõttus R., & Konstabel K. (2009). Patological gambling in Estonia: Relationships with personality, self-esteem, emotional states and cognitive ability. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 377-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9119-y
  • Korman L. M., Collins J., Dutton, Dhayananthan B., Littman-Sharp N., & Skinner W. (2008). Problem gambling and intimate partner violence. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 13-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-007-9077-1
  • Labrador F. J., & Mañoso V. (2005). Cambio en las distorsiones cognitivas de jugadores patológicos tras el tratamiento: Comparación con un grupo control [Restructuring of cognitive distortions in pathological gamblers after treatment: Comparison with a control group]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 7-22. (Pubitemid 43414456)
  • LaPlante D. A., Nelson S. E., LaBrie R. A., & Shaffer H. J. (2006). Men and women playing games: Gender and the gambling preferences of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program participants. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22, 65-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-005-9003-3 (Pubitemid 44211978)
  • Ledgerwood D. M., & Petry N. M. (2006). Psychological experience of gambling and subtypes of pathological gambling. Psychiatry Research, 144, 17-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.017 (Pubitemid 44332534)
  • Liao M. S. (2008). Intimate partner violence within the Chinese community in San Francisco: Problem gambling as a risk factor. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 671-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9190-7
  • Muelleman R. L., Denotter T., Wadman M. C., Tran T. P., & Anderson J. (2002). Problem gambling in the partner of the emergency department patient as a risk factor for intimate partner violence. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 23, 307-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00543-7 (Pubitemid 35300263)
  • Oquendo M. A., Baca-García E., Graver R., Morales M., Montalbán V., & Mann J. J. (2001). Spanish adaptation of the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). European Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 147-155. (Pubitemid 32769134)
  • Petry N. M., Stinson F. S., & Grant B. F. (2005). Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 564-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088%2FJCP.v66n0504 (Pubitemid 40733697)
  • Picó-Alfonso M. A., Echeburúa E., & Martínez M. (2008). Personality disorder symptoms in women as a result of chronic intimate male partner violence. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 577-588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9180-9
  • Rosenberg A. (1965). Society and adolescent self-image. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton.
  • Rubio G., Bermejo J., Caballero M. C., & Santo Domingo J. (1998). Validación de la Prueba para la Identificación de Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol (AUDIT) en atención primaria [Spanish validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in primary health care]. Revista Clínica Española, 198, 11-14.
  • Sanz J., Vázquez C., & Navarro M. (2003). Adaptación Española del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II): Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes universitarios [Spanish validation of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): Psychometric properties in university students]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 29, 239-288.
  • Saunders J. B., Aasland O. G., Babor T. F., de la Fuente J. R., & Grant M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addiction, 88, 791-804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j. 1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x (Pubitemid 23194530)
  • Spielberger C. D., Gorsuch R. L., & Lushene R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychological Press.
  • Steel Z., & Blaszczynski A. (2002). Impulsivity, personality disorders and pathological gambling severity. In J. J. Marotta, J. A. Cornelius, & W. R. Eadington (Eds.), The downside: Problem and pathological gambling (pp. 107-123). Reno, NV: University of Nevada.
  • Straus M. A., Hamby S. L. Boney-McCoy S., & Sugarman D. B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283-316. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/019251396017003001
  • Volberg R. A. (2007). Populations surveys. In G. Smith, D. C. Hodgins, & R. J. Williams (Eds.), Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies (pp. 33-54). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Zuckerman M., Eysenck S. B. G., & Eysenck H. J. (1978). Sensation-seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 139-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.46.1.139 (Pubitemid 8298851)
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet