Adolf Hitlerren bereizgarri psikopatologikoak, Bigarren Mundu Gerra eta Holokaustoa
- Haranburu Oiharbide, Mikel
- Balluerka Lasa, Nekane
- Gorostiaga Manterola, Arantxa
- Guerra Plaza, Jesús
ISSN: 1577-9424
Año de publicación: 2014
Número: 12-13
Páginas: 73-119
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Gogoa: Euskal Herriko Unibersitateko hizkuntza, ezagutza, komunikazio eta ekintzari buruzko aldizkaria
Resumen
The character and personality of Adolf Hitler creates a great fascination among his adepts, among his enemies, and among people in general. Although there are a series of socio-historical factors that contribute to the emergence and flourishing of fascist or anti-Semitic feelings and attitudes, the influence the personality of leading figures like Hitler has on the organization and evolution of the National Socialism and the Second World War cannot be denied. In this article we place the figure of Adolf Hitler in the context of the events that occurred in Germany in the first half of the twentieth century. We analyze the crucial contributions made by Hitler to the development of World War II, anti-Semitism and the Final Solution. Hitler's psychopathological traits (paranoia, narcissism, somatization, hysteria, masochism, sadism, procrastination) had a significant influence on the development of his leadership, in the conquest of power by the Nazis, in the instigation of anti-Semitism and in the development of the Second World War. We can say that without Hitler the Holocaust would not have been what it was.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Arendt, Hannah (1992), Hombres en tiempos de oscuridad. Barcelona: Gedisa.
- Baumrid, Diana (1991), »The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use». Journal of Early Adolescence 11: 56-95.
- Baumeister, Roy, Smart, Laura eta Boden, Joseph (1996), «Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem». Psychological Review 103: 5–33.
- Berkowitz, Leonard (1999), «Evil is more than banal: Situationism and the concept of evil». Personality and Social Psychology Review 3 (3): 246-253.
- Binion, Rudolph (1973), «Hitler’s Concept of «Lebensraum»: the Psychological Basis». History of Childhood Quarterly 1: 187–215.
- Binion, Rudolph (1974), «Foam on the Hitler Wave». Journal of Modern History 46: 552–558.
- Brayard, Florent (2004), La «solution finale de la question juive». La technique, le temps et les catégories de la décision. Paris: Fayard.
- Broszat, Martin (1985), «Hitler and the genesis of the ‘final solution’: An Assessment of David Irving’s Theses». In H.W. Koch (arg.), Aspects of the Third Reich, London: Macmillan Education, 390-429.
- Browning, Christopher (2004), The Origins of the Final Solution. The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 - March 1942. Lincoln: The University of Nebraska Press.
- Burrin, Philippe (1989), Hitler et les juifs. Genèse d’un génocide. Paris: Ed. Seuil.
- Coolidge, Frederick, Davis Felicia eta Segal Daniel (2007), «Understanding madmen: A DSM-IV assessment of Adolf Hitler». Individual Differences Research 5: 30-43.
- Dawidowicz, Lucy (1986), The War Against the Jews 1933-1945. New York: Bantam.
- Dietrich, Otto (1957), The Hitler I Knew. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
- Dörner, Dietrich eta Guess, Dominik (2011), «A Psychological Analysis of Adolf Hitler’s Decision Making as Commander in Chief: Summa confidentia et nimius metus». Review of General Psychology 15: 37-49.
- Erdelyi, M. H. (1985), Psychoanalysis: Freud´s cognitive psychology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
- Erikson, Erik (1951), Childhood and Society. London: Imago Publishing Company.
- Erikson, Erik (1958), Young Man Luther. London: Faber and Faber.
- Fenichel, Otto (1945), The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York: Norton.
- Fest, Joachim (1974), Hitler. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Fest, Joachim (2005), Hitler, una biografía. Barcelona: Planeta DeAgostini.
- Fest, Joachim (1970), The face of the Third Reich. Oxford: Penguin Books.
- Fleming, Gerald (1984), Hitler and the Final Solution. Berkley: University of California Press.
- François-Poncet, André (1946), Souvenirs d´une ambassade à Berlin. Paris: Flammarion.
- Fromm, Erich (1942), The Fear of Freedom. London: Kegan Paul. http://realsociology.edublogs.org/files/2013/09/erich-fromm-the-fear-of-freedom-escape-from-freedom-29wevxr.pdf
- Fromm, Erich (1957), «The Authoritarian Personality». Deutsche Universitätszeitung, Band 12 (9): 3-4
- Fromm, Erich (1973), The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. New York: Henry Holt. http://filozofia.3bird.net/download/filozofia/fromm/filozofia-erich-fromm-the-anatomyof-human-destructiveness.pdf
- Fuchs Martin (1939), Snowdown in Vienna; the death of Austria. New York: Putnam´s Sons.
- Gerlach, Christian (1998), «The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler’s Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews». The Journal of Modern History 70 (4): 759-812. http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jewishnb/hrc/mti/wannsee.pdf
- Goebbels, Joseph (1978), «Führer as Orator» in Adolf Hitler: 1931-1935: Pictures from the Life of the Führer. New York: Peebles Press.
- Goldhagen, Daniel (1996), Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Knopf.
- Götz, Aly (1999), ‘Final Solution’ Nazi population policy and the murder of the European Jews. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Haffner, Sebastian (2002), Anotaciones sobre Hitler. Barcelona: Galaxia Gutenberg.
- Hamann, Brigitte (1999), Hitler’s Vienna: A Dictator’s Apprenticeship. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Hanisch, Reinhold (1939), «I Was Hitler’s Buddy», In The New Republic (New York) Apirilak 5, 239-242; Apirilak 12, 270-272; Apirilak 19, 297-300.
- Hentig, H. von (1964), Der Nekrotope Mensch. Stuttgart: F. Enke Verlag.
- Hernández, Jesús (2012), Breve historia de Hitler. Madrid: Ediciones Nowtilus S. L.
- Heston, Leonard eta Heston, Renate (1979), The medical casebook of Adolf Hitler: His illnesses, doctors, and drugs. New York: Stein and Day Publishers.
- Hitler, Adolf (1943), Mein Kampf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Hyland, Philip, Boduszek, Daniel eta Kielkiewicz, Krzysztof (2011), «Psycho-Historical Analysis of Adolf Hitler: the Role of Personality, Psychopathology and Development». Psychology and Society 4 (2): 58-63.
- Irving, David (1983), The secret diaries of Hitler´s doctor. London: Grafton Books.
- Jimenez Cores, Pablo (2004). La estrategia de Hitler. El mesías del apocalipsis. Las raíces ocultas del nacionalsocialismo. Madrid: Ediciones Nowtilus.
- Jung, Carl Gustav (1977), C.G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters. Edited by William McGuire and R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Kershaw, Ian (1998), Hitler: 1889-1936: Hubris. London: Penguin.
- Kershaw, Ian (2008), Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution. London: Yale University Press.
- Köhler, Joachim (2000), Wagner’s Hitler. The Prophet and His Disciple. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Kubizek, August (1953), Adolf Hitler, mein Jugendfreund (Ingeles itzulpena: The Young Hitler I Knew: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Childhood Friend. Barnsley, West Yorkshire: Greenhill/Frontline, 2011).
- Langer, Walter (2012), A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler: His Life and Legend. Washington: Office of Strategic Services.
- Langer, Walter (1972), The Mind of Adolf Hitler. The secret Wartime report. New York: Basic Books.
- Longerich, Peter (2010), Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Luther, Martin (1948), The Jews and their lies. Los Angeles: Christian Nationalist Crusade.
- Mandel, David (2002), «Instigators of genocide: examining Hitler from a social psychological perspective». In S. Newman & R. Erber (arg.), Understanding genocide: The social psychology of the Holocaust, New York: Oxford University Press, 259-284.
- Mansour, Mojgan Sepah, Shahabizadeh, Fatemeh eta Khoshnevis, Elaheh (2008), Perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment and attachment to God. Journal of Iranian Psychologists 4, 20-33.
- Mayer, John D. (1993), «The emotional madness of the dangerous leader». Journal of Psychohistory 20: 331-348.
- Milgram, Stanley (1963), «Behavioral study of obedience». Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67: 371-378.
- Milgram, Stanley (1974), Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harpercollins.
- Miller, Alice (1998a), The Childhood Trauma (From a lecture she gave at the Lexington 92nd Street YWHA in New York City on October 22, 1998). http://www.vachss.com/guest_dispatches/alice_miller2.html
- Miller, Alice (1998b), «The Political Consequences of Child Abuse». The Journal of Psychohistory 26 (2): 573-585.
- Murray, Henry (1943), Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler. Washington, D.C.: Office of Strategic Services.
- Olsen, Daphne (2012), «Luther and Hitler: A Linear Connection between Martin Luther and Adolf Hitler´s Anti-Semitism with a Nationalistic Foundation». Master of Liberal Studies Theses. Paper 20.
- Paomino, Thomas (1981), Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Theory, technique, therapeutic relationship, and treatability. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers.
- Payne, Robert (1973), The life and death of Adolf Hitler. New York: Praeger Publishers.
- Price, George Ward (1937), I Knew These Dictators. London: Harran.
- Rauschning, Hermann (1940), Gespräche mit Hitler. Wien: Europa-Verlag.
- Redlich, Fritz (1998), Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Reich, Wilhelm (1972), Psicología de masas del fascismo. Madrid: Ediciones Castilla.
- Rosenbaum, Ron (1998), Explaining Hitler: The search for the origins of his evil. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
- Ross, Lee eta Nisbett, Richard (1991), The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Ruchkin, Vladislav (2002), «Family impact on violent youth». In R. R. Corrado, R. Roesch, S. D. Hart eta J. K. Gierowski (arg.), Multi-problem violent youth: A foundation for comparative research on needs, interventions, and outcomes, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 105-115.
- Speer, Albert (1970), Inside the Third Reich. New York: Macmillan.
- Strasser, Otto (1940), Hitler et Moi. Paris: Grasset.
- Thrine, Abigail M. (2004), Adolf Hitler: Psychological Diagnosis of a Madman. Muncie, Indiana: Ball State University. Honors College.
- Torres, Mauro (2008), Hitler a la luz de la clásica y moderna psicología. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
- Waite, Robert (1977), The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. New York: Da Capo Press.