Attachment style and adjustment to divorce

  1. Yárnoz Yaben, Sagrario 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2010

Volumen: 13

Número: 1

Páginas: 210-219

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1017/S1138741600003796 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

El divorcio es un fenómeno cada vez más frecuente en Europa. En este estudio, se presenta un análisis del papel jugado por el estilo de apego (seguro, desvalorizador, preocupado y temeroso, más las dos dimensiones de ansiedad y evitación) en la adaptación al divorcio. La muestra está compuesta por progenitores divorciados (N = 40) procedentes de una ciudad de tamaño medio del País Vasco. Los resultados revelan una proporción más baja de personas con un apego seguro en la muestra de progenitores divorciados. El estilo de apego y la dependencia (emocional e instrumental) están estrechamente relacionados. Se encontraron también asociaciones entre medidas que muestran un pobre ajuste al divorcio y los estilos de apego preocupado y temeroso. El ajuste se relaciona con un estilo de apego desvalorizador y la dimensión evitación. Los análisis de regresión múltiple confirman que el apego seguro y la dimensión evitación predicen el ajuste al divorcio y la afectividad positiva, mientras que el estilo de apego preocupado y la dimensión ansiedad predicen la afectividad negativa de los progenitores participantes. Para finalizar, discutimos las implicaciones que estos datos tienen para la investigación y la intervención con progenitores divorciados.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

This study is part of a Research Project on Adaptation to Divorce supported by the University of the Basque Country, Grant number GIU07/61.

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An Ethological approach to Personality Development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.
  • Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment. Hillsdale, N.J: Erlbaum.
  • Alonso-Arbiol, I., Shaver, P. & Yárnoz, S. (2002). Insecure attachment, gender roles, and interpersonal dependency in the Basque Country. Personal Relationships, 9, 479-490.
  • Amato, P. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1269-1287.
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. & VanlJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Adult attachment and the break-up of romantic relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 27, 121-139.
  • Banse, R. (2004). Adult attachment and marital satisfaction: Evidence for dyadic configuration effects. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(2), 273-282.
  • Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147-178.
  • Bartholomew, K. & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
  • Beckerman, N., & Sarracco, M. (2002). Intervening with couples in relationship conflict: integrating emotionally focused couple therapy and attachment theory. Family Therapy, 29, 23-31.
  • Berry, W.D. (1993). Understanding regression assumptions. London: Sage
  • Bernstein, A. C. (2007). Re-visioning, restructuring, and reconciliation: clinical practice with complex postdivorce families. Family Process, 46, 67-78.
  • Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London: Tavistock.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980a). Attachment and Loss, vol II. Separation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980b). Attachment and Loss, vol III. Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1-10.
  • Brown, P., Felton, B. J., Whiteman, V. & Maneia, R. (1980). Attachment and distress following marital separation. Journal of Divorce, 3, 303-317.
  • Davis, D., Shaver, P. R. & Vernon, M. L. (2003). Physical, Emotional, and Behavioral Reactions to Breaking up: The Roles of Gender, Age, Emotional Involvement, and Attachment Style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 871-884.
  • Eurostat Yearbook 2006-2007. Available on-line in http://epp. eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
  • Feeney, J. & Noller, P. (1996). Adult Attachment. London: Sage.
  • Finzi, R., Cohen, O. & Ram, A. (2000). Attachment and Divorce. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 11, 1-20.
  • Fraley, R. C. & Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Attachment and Loss: A Test of Three Competing Models on the Association Between Attachment-Related Avoidance and Adaptation to Bereavement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 878-890.
  • Fraley, R. C. & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Loss and bereavement: Attachment theory and recent controversies concerning "grief work" and the nature of detachment. In J. Cassidy&P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 735-759). New York: Guilford.
  • Fraley, R. C., Davis, K. E. & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Dismissingavoidance and the defensive organization of emotion, cognition, and behavior. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 249-279). New York: Guilford.
  • Griffin, D. W. & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Vol.5. Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 17-52). London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
  • Hirschfeld, R. M., Klerman, G. L., Gough, H. G., Barret, J., Korchin, S. J., & Chodoff, P. (1977). A measure of interpersonal dependency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 610-618.
  • Izard, C.E. (2002). Translating emotion theory and research into preventative interventions. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 796-824.
  • Kelly., J. B. (2007). Children's Living Arrangements Following Separation and Divorce: Insights From Empirical and Clinical Research. Family Process, 46, 35-52.
  • Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 502-512.
  • Kitson, G. C. (1982). Attachment to the spouse in divorce: A scale and its application. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 379-393.
  • Mickelson, K. D., Kessler, R. C. & Shaver, P. R. (1997). Adult attachment in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1092-1106.
  • Pistole, M. C. (1996). After love: Attachment styles and grief themes. Family Journal, 4, 199-207.
  • Sbarra, D. A. & Emery, R. E. (2005). The emotional sequelae of nonmarital relationship dissolution: Analysis of change and intraindividual variability over time. Personal Relationships, 12, 213-232.
  • Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 971-980.
  • Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Orina, M. M., & Grich, J. (2002). Working Models of Attachment, Support Giving, and Support Seeking in a Stressful Situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 598-608.
  • Sobolewski, J. M., & Amato, P. R. (2007). Parents' discord and divorce, parent-child relationships and subjective well-being: Is feeling close to two parents always better than feeling close to one? Social Forces, 85, 1105-1124.
  • Todorski, J. (1995). Attachment and Divorce: A therapeutic view. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 22, 189-205.
  • Vareschi, C. G., & Bursik, K. (2005). Attachment style differences in the parental interactions and adaptation patterns of divorcing parents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 42, 15-32.
  • Vergara, A., Yárnoz, S. y Páez, D. (1989). Escala de afectividad positiva y negativa (PNA) o de bienestar/malestar subjetivo de Bradburn (PNA, Bradbum's Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale). In A. Echevarría & D. Páez (eds). Emociones: perspectivas psicosociales (Emotions: Psychosocial perspectives). (pp.477-479). Madrid: Fundamentos.
  • Warr, P., Barter, J. & Brown-Bridge, G., (1983). On the independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 644-651.
  • Wayment, H. A. & Vierthaler, J. (2002). Attachment style and bereavement reaction. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 7, 129-149.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1975). Marital separation. New York: Basic Books.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1976). The emotional impact of marital separation. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 135-145.
  • Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2004). Ajuste autopercibido al divorcio y preocupación por la ex pareja (Self-perceived adjustment and preoccupation with the ex spouse). Unpublished manuscript. University of the Basque Country. Saint Sebastian.
  • Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2008). La Evaluación desde la Teoría del Apego: el lugar de los autoinformes y otros instrumentos en la evaluación del apego en niños, adolescentes y adultos [Assessment from the Attachment Theory: the place of selfreports and other instruments when assessing attachment in children, adolescents and adults]. In S. Yárnoz-Yaben (ed.) La Teoria del Apego en la Clínica I: Evaluación y clínica (Attachment Theory and the clinical practice, I) pp. 95-162. Madrid: Psimática.
  • Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2009). Forgiveness, Attachment, and Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 50, 282-294.
  • Yárnoz-Yaben, S., Guerre, J., Plazaola, M., Biurrun, J., y Comino, P. (2008). Características demográficas, actitudes y dependencia en la adaptación al divorcio (Demographics, attitudes and dependence in the adjustment to divorce). Ansiedad y Estrés, 14, 43-53.
  • Yarnoz-Yaben, S, Plazaola, M & Etxeberria, J. (2008). Adaptation to divorce: An attachment-based intervention with long-term divorced parents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 49, 291-307.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet