Tratamientos psicológicos de la fobia social: un análisis crítico

  1. Echeburúa Odriozola, Enrique
  2. Salaberría Irízar, Karmele
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 1991

Volumen: 3

Número: 1

Páginas: 7-23

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

La fobia social es un trastorno recientemente definido del que aún se sabe poco en relación con su origen y tratamiento. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo describir el trastorno, precisar el diagnóstico diferencial y señalar las estrategias de tratamiento. Se realiza una descripción y valoración de las técnicas cognitivo-conductuales (exposición, entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y reestructuración cognitiva) utilizadas, así como de las combinaciones de ellas. La exposición, con la adición de técnicas cognitivas o de afrontamiento, parece el procedimiento más prometedor. Se señalan las limitaciones de los trabajos publicados y se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación en relación con la metodología, la búsqueda de predictores y la comparación de tratamientos.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alstrom, J.E., Nordlund, C.L., Person, G., Harding, M. y Ljungqvist, C. (1984): Effects of four treatment methods on social phobic patients not suitable for insightoriented psychotherapy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 70, 97-110.
  • American Psychiatric Association (1980): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd. ed.). Washington: APA.
  • American Psychiatric Association (1987): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd. ed. rev.). Washington: APA.
  • Amies, P.L., Gelder, M.G. y Shaw_P.M. (1983): Social phobia: A comparative Clinical study. British: Journal of Psychiarry, 142, 174-179.
  • Barlow, D.H. (1988): Anxiety and its Disorders. New York: Guilford.
  • Beck; A., Emery, J. y Grenberg, R. (1985): Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. New York: Basic Books.
  • Biran, M., Augusto, F. y Wilson, G.T. (1981): In vivo exposure vs. cognitive restructuring in the treatment of scriptophobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 19, 525-532.
  • Butler, G. (1985): Exposure as a treatment for social phobia. Some instructive difficulties. Behavior Research and Therapy, 23, 651-659.
  • Butler, G. (1989): Issues in the application of cognitive and behavioral strategies to the treatment of social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 91-106.
  • Butler, G., Cullington, A., Munby, M., Armes, P.L. y Gelder, M.G. (1984): Exposure and anxiety management in the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 642-650.
  • Echeburua, E. (1990): La exposición y los enfoques cognitivos en el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad según los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-III R y del ICD-10. Revista Española de Terapia del Comportamiento, 8, 1-15.
  • Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (1982): Phobic and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Theory, Research and Practice. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Mersch, P., Vissia, E. y Van Der Helm, M. (1985): Social phobia: a comparative evaluation of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 23, 365-369.
  • Falloon, I., Lloyd, G.G. y Harpin, R.E. (1981): The treatment of social phobia: Real life rehearsal with non-professional therapists. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 169, 180-184.
  • Glogower, F., Frewouw, W. y McCroskey, J. (1978): A component analysis of cognitive restructuring. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 209-223.
  • Heimberg, R.G. (1989a): Social phobia: no longer neglected. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 1-2.
  • Heimberg, R.G. (1989b): Cognitive and Behavioral Treatments for Social Phobia: A Critical Ánalysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 107-128.
  • Heimberg, R.G. (1990): Cognitive therapy for social phobia. En: A.S. Bellacky M. Hersen (Eds.): Comparative handbook of treatments for adult disorders. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Heimberg, R.G. y Barlow, D.H. (1988): Psychosocial Treatments for Social Phobia. Psychosomatics, 29, 27-37.
  • Heimberg, R.G., Becker, R.E., Goldfinger, K. y Vermillyea, J.A. (1985): "Treatment of social phobia by exposure, cognitive restructuring, and homework assignments". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 236-245.
  • Heimberg, R.G., Dodge, C.S. y Becker, R.E. (1987): Social phobia. En: L. Michelson y M. AscherR (Eds.): Anxiety and stress disorders. Cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Heimberg, R.G., Dodge, C.S., Hope, D.A., Kennedy, C.R. Zollo, L. y Becker, R.E. (1990): Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Social Phobia: Comparison with a Credible Placebo Control. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 1-23.
  • Jerremalm, A., Jansson, L. y Öst, L.G. (1986): Cognitive and physiological reactivity and the effects of different behavioral methods in the treatment of social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 24, 171-180. '
  • Kanter, N. y Goldfried, M.R. (1979): Relative effectiveness of rational restructuring and self-control desensitization in the reduction of interpersonal anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 10, 472-490.
  • Liebowitz, M.R., Gorman, I., Fyer, A. y Klein, D. (1985): Social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 729-736.
  • Lucock, M. y Salkovskis, P. (1988): Cognitive factors in social anxiety and its treatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 26, 297-302.
  • Marks, I.M. (1970): The classification of phobic disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 371-386.
  • Marks, I.M. (1985): Behavioral treatment of social phobia. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 21, 615-618.
  • Marks, I.M. (1987): Fears, Phobias and Rituals. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Marzillier, J.S., Lambert, C. y Kellett, J. (1976): A controlled evaluation of systematic desensitization and social skills training for social inadequate psychiatric patients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 14, 225-228.
  • Mattick, R.P. y Peters, L. (1988): Treatment of severe social phobia: Effects of guided exposure with and without Cognitive restructuring. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 251-260.
  • Mattick, R.P., Peters, L. y Clarke, J. (1989): Exposure and Cognitive Restructuring for Social Phobia: A Controlled Study. Behavior Therapy, 20, 3-23.
  • Mersch, P., Emmelkamp, P., Bögels, S. y Van Der Sleen, J. (1989): Social phobia: individual response patterns and the effects of behavioral and cognitive interventions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 27, 421-434.
  • Mullaney, J.A. y Trippett C.J. (1979): Alcohol dependence and phobas: Clinical description and relevance. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 565-573.
  • Öst, L.G., Jerremalm, A. y Johansson, J. (1981): Individual response patterns and the effects of different behavioral methods in the treatment of social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 19, 1-16.
  • Polaino, A. (1988): Tratamiento de las fobias. En: A. Fierro (Ed.): Psicología Clínica. Cuestiones Actuales. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Rachman, S. y Hodgson, R. (1974): Synchrony and desynchrony in fear and avoidance. Behavior Research and Therapy, 12, 311-318.
  • Rapee, R.M., Sanderson, W.C. y Barlow, D.H. (1988): Social Phobia Features Across the DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 10, 287-299.
  • Scholing, H. y Emmelkamp, P. (1989): Treatment of social phobia: an analysis in single cases. En: P. Emmelkamp, W. Everaerd, F. Kraiaimaat y M. Van Son (Eds.): Annual Series of European Research in Behavior Therapy.
  • Shaw, P.M. (1979): A comparison of three behaviour therapies in the treatment of social phobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 620-623.
  • Solyom, L., Ledwidge, B. y Solyom, C. (1986): Delineating social phobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 464-470.
  • Stravynski, A., Grey, S. y Elie, R. (1987): Outline of the therapeutic process in social skills training with socially dysfunctional patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 224-228.
  • Stravynski, A., Marks, I.M. y Yule, W. (1982): Social skills problems in neurotic outpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1378-1385.
  • Thorpe, G., Amatu, H., Blakey, R. y Burns, L. (1976): Contributions of overt instructional rehearsal and "specific insight' to the effectiveness of self-instructional training: a preliminary study. Behavior Therapy, 7, 504-511.
  • Trower, P., Yardley, K., Bryant, B. y Shaw, P. (1978): The treatment of social failure: A comparison of anxiety-reduction and skills acquisition procedures on two social problems. Behavior Modification, 2, 41-60.
  • Turner, S.M. y Beidel, D.C. (1989): Social Phobia: Clinical Syndrome, Diagnosis, and Comorbidity. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 3-18.
  • Turner, S.M., Beidel, D.C., Dancu, C.V. y Keys, D. (1986): Psychopathology of social phobia: A comparison to avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 389-394.
  • Turner, S.M., Beidel, D.C., Dancu, C.V. y Stanley, M.A. (1989): An Empirically Derived Inventory to Measure Social Fears and Anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35-40.
  • Weissman, M.M. (1985): The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Rates, risks and familial patterns. En: H. Tuma y J. Maser (Eds.): Anxiety and anxiety disorders. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Zimbardo, P.G. (1977): Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet