Valoración y relación de las características antropométricas y la condición física en árbitros de fútbol

  1. Javier YANCI IRIGOYEN 1
  2. Raúl REINA VAILLO 2
  3. Cristina GRANADOS DOMINGUEZ 1
  4. Juan SALINERO MARTIN 3
  5. Asier LOS ARCOS LARUMBE 1
  1. 1 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
    info

    Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

    Lejona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/000xsnr85

  2. 2 Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
    info

    Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

    Elche, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01azzms13

  3. 3 Universidad Camilo José Cela
    info

    Universidad Camilo José Cela

    Villanueva de la Cañada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03f6h9044

Revista:
Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes: REEFD

ISSN: 1133-6366

Año de publicación: 2014

Número: 406

Páginas: 15-28

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes: REEFD

Resumen

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las características antropométricas (masa, talla, índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa) y la condición física (capacidad de aceleración, salto vertical y resistencia) en árbitros de fútbol y examinar la existencia o no de relación entre dichas variables. Método: 45 árbitros de fútbol pertenecientes a alguna de las categorías nacionales del futbol español (2ªA, 2ªB o 3ª división) participaron en este estudio. Resultados: Los resultados en 5 y 15 m fueron de 0,96 ± 0,08 s y 2,35 ± 0,14 s, respectivamente. En la capacidad de salto se observó una altura para el squat jump de 39,02 ± 6,26 cm y de 45,71 ± 7,44 cm para el salto con contra movimiento (CMJ). En la capacidad cardiovascular se obtuvo un promedio del consumo máximo de oxigeno estimado (VO2max) de 56,23 ± 3,20 ml•kg-1•min-1. Se observaron correlaciones signifi cativas entre los valores del CMJ y los del tiempo de aceleración en 15 m (r = -0,704). Distintas variables de capacidad cardiovascular correlacionaron de manera signifi cativamente inversa con el índice de masa corporal. Conclusión: Los árbitros de futbol tienen valores similares de aceleración, salto vertical y capacidad aeróbica que los jugadores o árbitros de fútbol de distintas categorías.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Bartha, C., Petridis, L., Hamar, P., Puhl, S. y Castagna, C. (2009). Fitness test results of Hungarian and international-level soccer referees and assistants. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1), 121–126.
  • Bosco, C., Luhtanen, P. y Komi, P.V. (1983). A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 50, 273-282.
  • Bosco, C. (1987). Mechanical delay and recoil of elastic energy in slow and types of human skeletal muscles. Biomechanics, 6, 979-984.
  • Bosco, C. y Komi, PV. (1978). Mechanical characteristics and fi ber composition of human leg extensor muscles. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 24, 21-32.
  • Buchheit, M. y Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2013). Supramaximal intermittent running performance in relation to age and locomotor profi le in highly-trained young soccer players. Journal of Sports Science, 31(13), 1402-1411.
  • Casajús, J.A. y Castagna, C. (2007). Aerobic fi tness and fi eld test performance in elite Spanish soccer referees of different ages. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10, 382-389.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G. y D’Ottavio, S. (2002). Relation between fi tness tests and match performance in elite Italian soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(2), -235.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., D’Ottavio, S. y Weston, M. (2005). Age-related effects on fi tness performance in elite-level soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4), 785-790.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G. y D’Ottavio, S. (2005b). Competitive level differences in yo-yo intermittent recovery and twelve minute run test performance in soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4), 805-809.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G. y D’Ottavio, S. (2007). Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Medicine, 37(7), 625-646.
  • Castagna, C. y D’Ottavio, S. (2001). Effect of maximal aerobic power on match performance in elite soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(4), 420-425.
  • Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F.M., Bizzini, M., Weston, M. y Manzi, V. (2011). Applicability of a change of direction ability fi eld test in soccer assistant referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(3), 860-866.
  • Costa, E.C., Vieira, C.M.A., Moreira, A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Castagna, C. y Aoki, M.A. (2013). Monitoring external and internal loads of Brazilian soccer referees during offi cial matches. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12, 559-564.
  • Dellal, A., Varliette, C., Owen, A., Chirico, E.N. y Pialoux, V. (2012). Small-sided games versus interval training in amateur soccer players: effects on the aerobic capacity and the ability to perform intermittent exercises with changes of direction. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(10), 2712-2720.
  • D’Ottavio, S. y Castagna, C. (2001). Analysis of match activities in elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(2), 167-171.
  • D’Ottavio, S. y Castagna, C. (2001b). Physiological load imposed on elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 27-32.
  • Dupont, G., Akakpo, K., y Berthoin, S. (2004). The effect of in-season, high-intensity interval training in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 584-589.
  • Field, A.P. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS for Windows. London: Sage.
  • González-Montesinos, J.L., Caraballo-Vidal, I., Gómez-Espinosa de los Monteros, R., Fernández- Santos, J. y Román-Bazán, M.A. (2010). Propuesta para calcular el índice de elasticidad máxima en miembros inferiores. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 10(39), 356-368.
  • Gorostiaga, E.M., Llodio, I., Ibáñez, J., Granados, C., Navarro, I., Ruesta, M., Bonnabau, H. e Izquierdo, M. (2009). Differences in physical fi tness among indoor and outdoor elite male soccer players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(4), 483-91.
  • Helsen, W. y Bultynck, J.B. (2004). Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football. Journal of Sports Science, 22(2), 179-189.
  • Hori, N., Newton, R.U., Andrews, W.A., Kawamori, N., McGuigan, M.R. y Nosaka, K. (2008). Does performance of hang power clean differentiate performance of jumping, sprinting, and changing of direction? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 412-418.
  • Jackson, A.S. y Pollock, M.L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(3), 497-504.
  • Johnston, L. y McNaughton, L. (1994). The physiological requirements of soccer refereeing. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine and Sport, 26(3-4), 67-72.
  • Krustrup, P. y Bangsbo, J. (2001). Physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing in relation to physical capacity: effect of intense intermittent exercise training. Journal of Sports Science, 19, 881-891.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Amstrup, T. Rysgaard, T., Johansen, J., Steensberg, A., Pedersen, P.K. y Bangsbo, J. (2003). The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(4), 697–705.
  • Krustrup, P., Helsen, W., Randers, M.B., Christensen, J.F., MacDonald, C., Rebelo, A.N. y Bangsbo, J. (2009). Activity profi le and physical demands of football referees and assistant referees in international games. Journal of Sports Science, 27(11), 1167-1176.
  • Léger, L. y Boucher, R. (1980). An indirect continuous running multistage fi eld test: the Université de Montréal track test. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 5(2), 77-84.
  • Los Arcos, A., Yanci, J., Mendiguchia, J., Salinero, J.J., Brughelli, M. y Castagna, C. (2013). Short-term training effects of vertically and horizontally oriented exercises on neuromuscular performance in professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Los Arcos, A., Martínez-Santos, R., Yanci, J., Martín, J. y Castagna, C. (2013b). Variability of objective and subjective intensities during ball drills in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(3), 752-757.
  • Maio-Alves, J.M., Rebelo, A.N., Abrantes, C. y Sampaio, J. (2010). Short-term effects of complex and contrast training in soccer players’ vertical jump, sprint, and agility abilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(4), 936-941.
  • Mallo, J., García-Aranda, J.M. y Navarro, E. (2006). Análisis del rendimiento físico de los árbitros de fútbol durante partidos de competición ofi cial. European Journal of Human Movement, , 25-40
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., García-Aranda, J. M., Gilis, B. y Helsen, W. (2008). Analysis of the kinematical demands imposed on top-class assistant referees during competitive soccer matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 235–242.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., Aranda, J.M.G. y Helsen, W.F. (2009). Activity profi le of top-class association football referees in relation to fi tness-test performance and match standard. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(1), 9–17.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., García-Aranda, J.M. y Helsen, W. (2009). Physical demands of topclass soccer assistant refereeing during high-standard matches. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(5), 331-336.
  • Meckel, Y., Machnai, O. y Eliakim, A. (2009). Relationship among repeated sprint tests, aerobic fi tness, and anaerobic fi tness in elite adolescent soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1), 163-169.
  • Mendez-Villanueva, A., Buchheit, M., Kuitunen, S., Poon, T.K., Simpson, B. y Peltola, E. (2010). Is the relationship between sprinting and maximal aerobic speeds in young soccer players affected by maturation? Pediatric Exercise Science, 22(4), 497-510.
  • Oliveira, M.C., Santa, C.H.G. y Barros-Neto, T.L. (2008). Analysis of in-fi eld displacement patterns and functional indexes of referees during the soccer match. Fitness Performance Journal, (1), 41-47.
  • Reilly, T. y Gregson, W. (2006). Special populations: The referee and assistant referee. Journal of Sports Science, 24(7), 795-801.
  • Rogers, M,A., Hagberg, J.M., Martin, W.H., Ehsani, A.A. y Holloszy, J.O. (1985). Decline in VO2max with ageing in masters athletes and sedentary men. Journal of Applied Physiology, , 2195-2199.
  • Salaj, S. y Markovic, G. (2011). Specifi city of jumping, sprinting, and quick change-ofdirection motor abilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1249-1255.
  • Tessitore, A., Cortis, C., Meeusen, R. y Capranica, L. (2007). Power performance of soccer referees before, during, and after offi cial matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, (4), 1183-1187.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F.M., Rampinini, E. y Abt, G. (2007). Analysis, of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to fi rst half and player work rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10, 390-397.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Helsen, W. y Impellizzeri F. (2009). Relationships among fi eldtest measures and physical match performance in elite-standard soccer referees. Journal of Sports Science, 27(11), 1177-1184.
  • Weston, M., Gregson, W., Castagna, C., Breivik, S., Impellizzeri, F.M. y Lovell, RJ. (2011). Changes in a top-level soccer referee’s training, match activities, and physiology over an 8-year period: a case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(2), 281-286.
  • Wisloff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R. y Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 285-288.
  • Wong, P.L., Chamari, K., Dellal, A. y Wislof, U. (2009). Relationship between anthropometric and physiological characteristics in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1204–1210.
  • Yanci, J. y Los Arcos, A. (2013). Aerobic and anaerobic performance variation in professional soccer players during preseason. Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte, 24(8), 207-215.