Una aproximación histórico-conceptual a la neurociencia de I.P.Pavlov

Résumé

In this paper the contributions of I.P.Pavlov, the main representative of the experimental Russian physiology, were explored from a historical-conceptual perspective. The Pavlov's positivist epistemology gives priority to the objective data and suspect the deductive theories. Pavlov as well as his teacher Sechenov, assumed the character reflect of the animal behavior and studied the reflects exhaustively by the method of the salivary conditioning. He paid special attention to the physiology of the brain due to his main object was to construct a theory concerning functioning of the nervous central system, which should explain suitable the phenomena of the conditioning and were useful as instrument to study the learning processes. His approaches applied to the human con-duct connect the psychological phenomenon with theory of the physiology and anatomy of the nervous centers. The method and finds of Pavlov offered a base for the study of the absent link among the human be-havior and the nervous system and left print to both Soviet psychology and western learning psychology. Even so, in this article he/she defends that the influence of its work has not been as decisive for the psychology as in principle it was necessary to be expected, because of reasons of very different nature in West and in the extinct Soviet Union.