El desarrollo de competencias en comunicaciónEl proyecto como metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Résumé

The didactic planning of the university subjects, from the point of view of the advices of the EEES, consists in the strategic sequencing of several activities, directed to guide the learning-teaching experience, taking as criterion the specificities of the competences that are going to be developed by the student. This strategic planning, in the direction of the “constructive alignment”, focuses the competence as the integrating criteria of the decisions that the teacher makes about the modalities, methodologies and evaluation systems. The learning methodologies are oriented towards the development of projects that are inscribed in the new way of thinking and of planning the learning-teaching process, analysis and application of the knowledge, previous to the resolution of the problems whose pertinence and meaning is committed to the autonomy and the social and cooperative aspects with which they tackle the learning process. This work analyses the communicative competence as the structuring axe of the social and cooperative dimension of the learning process, in those moments when the students have the opportunity of experiencing communication between pairs, compromised with the creative resolution of the problems that don’t imply just one but which’s layout requires to manage the concurrence of a variety of points of view that often, contradict one another. In this process of shared construction of knowledge, the communicative competence is tightly related to the management of the socio-cognitive conflict necessary to develop the resolution strategies of the problems and analyze, adapt and structure new ideas and hypothesis. In this sense, the cooperative learning directed to projects implies a communicative action, understood as the interaction between agents that seek to understand each other about the definition of a problematic situation so they are able to coordinate their actions according to plans. The interpretation and communicative management of disparate definitions of the situation happens to be crucial in that process.